The surface-distance from the north pole to the south pole is 20,004 km or 12,430 miles.
20004 KM
The average distance from Earth's surface at the equator its center is about 6378 km. The distance from near the north and south poles to the center is somewhat less.
The "latitude" of any place is the angle on the Earth's surface between that placeand the equator. That angle is the basic measurement, and the distance can becalculated from it.
To measure the distance on the Earth's surface North or South of the Equator.
To measure the distance on the Earth's surface North or South of the Equator.
The distance across the Earth's surface from north to south pole is about 12,500 miles, regardless of the path followed.
Approximately 10,014 km (6258.75 miles). The earth isn't a perfect sphere so the distance from the south pole to the equator is slightly different to the distance from the north pole to the equator. The distance from the north pole to the equator is 10,000 km (6250 miles). The reason it's such a round number is because a metre was originally defined as exactly 1 10,000,000th of the distance from the north pole to the equator.
If the cities are close to each other, then you can treat them as if they were on a plane surface and the distance between them would be the scaled-up version of the distance between them on a map. However, if the cities are further apart then you need to take account of the fact that they are on a spherical surface. To do this you need to identify the plane which is defined by the two cities and the centre of the earth. This plane will meet the surface of the earth in what is known as the great arc, and the distance between the two cities is measure along the great arc. Incidentally, this is why flights from London to Tokyo, for example, fly over the North pole.
True north runs from any point on the Earth's surface to the North Pole.
It is "A distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees".But distance is not measured in degrees. The latitude of a place is theangle corresponding to the shortest arc on the Earth's surface betweenthe equator and that place.
Meridians of constant longitude.
the angular distance north or south from the equator of a point on the earth's surface, measured on the meridian of the point.
Based on Google Earth armchair exploration, and if Greenland is considered part of North America and Iceland part of Europe, the shortest distance between North America and Europe is 733 miles.