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What is the purpose of RNA?

Updated: 8/9/2023
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15y ago

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RNA has lots of functions.

mRNA - messenger RNA - is a "copy" of the DNA base sequence of a gene after processing (capping, addition of 3' tail and splicing). It is used to transfer the genetic information from DNA, which is a storage molecule and quite inaccessible, to ribosomes, which perform translation to synthesise polypeptides.

tRNA - transfer RNA - is "charged" with an amino acid and used to recognize the code in the mRNA and "translate" it into the amino acid it is carrying. There are specific tRNA molecules for each amino acid.

rRNA - Ribosomal ribonucleic acid is the RNA component of the ribosome, the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells. Ribosomal RNA provides a mechanism for decoding mRNA intoamino acids and interacts with tRNAs during translation by providing peptidyl transferase activity. The tRNAs bring the necessary amino acids corresponding to the appropriate mRNA codon.

snRNA - small nuclear RNA - regulates and provides the catalytic machinery for splicing or mRNA.

gRNA - guide RNA - directs editing of RNA to specific sites.

miRNA - micro RNA - inhibits translation by base pairing with complementary sequences of mRNA.

Signal Recognition Particle - RNA/protein molecule that binds to the "Signal Sequence" on polypeptides to be sent to the endoplasmic reticulum, causing translation to pause until polypeptide has been fed into translocon for entry into ER.

There are others too....
RNA is a nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis. In some organisms it is also responsible for carrying the genetic code.

mRNA carries a copy of the instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes.

rRNA is a major component of ribosomes - the site of protein synthesis.

tRNA carries the amino acids which are added to the polypeptide chain (protein) being synthesized. It helps copy DNA and transfer it to other cells.

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8y ago
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15y ago

The purpose of RNA (Ribonucleic acid) is to function in protein synthesis. RNA is among mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA) and rRNA (ribosomal RNA) which do the intended purpose. mRNA is from a stand of DNA which has been unzipped by helicase. That process is known as Transcription.When mRNA is formed, tRNA which contain amino acids is used to pair their anticodons with the matching codons on the mRNA strand. As this occurs, the amino acids are building up to form a chain of amino acids that forms the finished product. This process is referred to as Translation. This entire process occurs in the cytoplasm specifically at the ribosomes. rRNA becomes part of the ribosomes located in the cell. * This is about as human you can get with the purpose of RNA without worrying about receiving a huge complicated definition.

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10y ago

RNA is a ribose sugar attached to a nucleotide and a nitrogenous base. It is a form of genetic material. It is thought to be the earliest form of living molecules. RNA transcribes the DNA code and brings it out into the nucleus, where it is translated into proteins. RNA prevents the precious DNA from having to leave the nucleus.

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11y ago

RNA stands for ribonucleic acid - it is a nucleic acid. RNA is single stranded, and is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine).

There are three forms of RNA - mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. Each of these has a different role, all related to protein synthesis.

The function of mRNA (messenger RNA) is to carry a copy of a section of DNA to the ribosomes, where the instructions (from the DNA) can be used to create a protein.

tRNA is responsible for carrying the amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), and connecting with the mRNA codon (3-base code) to create a protein.

rRNA forms part of ribosomes (together with protein). Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis - where mRNA and tRNA are joined and an amino acid chain is created.

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