The abundance of thorium in the Earth crust is approx. 12 ppm.
Thorium is a chemical element not so reactive.
Thorium is a paramagnetic metal, not ferromagnetic.
The percentage of Earth's ground water is 0.5%.
The Price of monazite sand varies based on its constituents, especially the percentage of Thorium and Cerium. For example, with a Thorium content of between 0.5% and 3%, Monazite sands can cost between $8 to $12 per gram from many African Countries.
Thermal conductivity of thorium: 54 W/m.K. Electrical resistivity of thorium at 0 0C: 54 nano ohm.m.
The concentration of thorium in the Earth crust is cca. 6 ppm.
Yes ----- The abundance of thorium in the earth crust is approx. 6 ppm.
Thorium is a member of the actinoids family but is frequently associated with lanthanoids in monazite.
When not mixed with clay, about 0.02% (depending on the type of thorium compound)of ingested Thorium is absorbed into the body but since Thorium is strongly adsorbed by clay, the absorption of ingested Thorium mixed with clay soil is negligible, much less than 0.02%.
Thorium is a natural chemical element; chemical elements were formed by stellar nucleosynthesis at the beginning of the universe.
Thorium constitutes about 4E-8% of the visible baryonic matter of the universe by mass. Visible baryonic matter is about 4.9% of the total mass of the universe, as per the latest estimates. So the mass-percentage of thorium in the universe would be 4E-8 x 0.049 = ... very little.
John G. Parker has written: 'The rare-earth elements, yttrium, and thorium' -- subject(s): Rare earth metals, Thorium, Yttrium
Common compounds of thorium: thorium dioxide, thorium trifluoride, thorium tetrafluoride, thorium tetrachloride, thorium triiodide, thorium diiodide, thorium tetraiodide, thorium nitrate, thorium oxalate, thorium carbide, thorium sulfides, thorium nitride, thorium oxinate, etc.
Thorium can be strip mined and it could be deep mined. It is be produced as a byproduct of the production of rare earth elements, and since the current production as a byproduct far exceeds the demand, it is not usually mined.
Hazards and Health Considerations: Thorium presents both a toxic and radiological hazard. Toxicologically, it causes heavy metal poisoning similar to lead or the uranium isotopes. Biologically, thorium accumulates in the skeletal system where it has a biological half-life of 200 years, the same as plutonium. An M 17 protective mask and standard anti-contamination clothing will adequately protect against thorium.
Thorium and fluorine Thorium trifluoride - ThF3 Thorium tetrafluoride - ThF4
Yes; helium appear from radioactive disintegration of uranium or thorium.