The recessive trait phenotype disappears in a one-trait test cross in the F1 generation. This phenotype can reappear in the F2 generation.
the dominant trait
Mendel's Law - The first law of Mendel states that "In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation. Offspring that are hybrid for a trait will have only the dominant trait in the phenotype."
genotype
The outward appearance is called the phenotype
Phenotype
the dominant trait
A trait in the f1 generation that is different than that of the parental phenotype is known as a hybrid. This occurs as a result of two distinctly different parents producing a phenotype that is uniform and new.
Mendel's Law - The first law of Mendel states that "In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation. Offspring that are hybrid for a trait will have only the dominant trait in the phenotype."
The phenotypes present in the F1 generation depend on the phenotypes of the parental generation (and the environment). The F1 generation will display the dominant trait(s). For example, if T is tall and t is short, in the cross TT X tt the F1 generation will have the phenotype corresponding to the T allele (tall).
The second Mendelian Law is the Law of Segregation. It states that in a cross the parental traits do not merge in the first offspring generation (ie. the recessive, "weaker" trait does not disappear for good) but instead appear unchanged in the second offspring generation. For example, if you cross homozygous dwarf pea plants to homozygous tall, all members of the first offspring generation will be tall. This makes it seem as if the dwarf trait disappears, but it does not. If you inbreed the first offspring generation, you get 25% dwarf plants in the second offspring generation. So the "lost" trait reappears.
Test Cross
To determine the genotype of an individual that shows the dominant phenotype you would cross that individual with one that is homozygous recessive. A monohybrid cross of two individuals that are heterozygous for a trait exhibiting complete dominance would probably result in a phenotype ratio is 3 dominant 1 recessive.
phenotype.
when observing the F1 generation of a monohybrid cross
genotype
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