The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth.
It would look like this:
Sun --> Moon --> Earth
During a solar eclipse, the Moon is directly in between the Sun and the Earth; a solar eclipse is the Moon's shadow falling on the Earth.
A lunar eclipse is the result of the Moon moving into the Earth's shadow, so the Earth would be directly between the Sun and the Moon.
Solar eclipse--Sun, moon, Earth Lunar eclipse-- Sun, Earth, moon
When the sun, moon, and Earth are in a line, it creates either a lunar or solar eclipse, depending on the position of the moon. During a lunar eclipse, the Earth is between the sun and the moon, casting a shadow on the moon. During a solar eclipse, the moon is between the sun and the Earth, blocking the sunlight from reaching the Earth.
An eclipse. When the Earth is in the Moon's shadow, it's a solar eclipse; when the Moon is in the Earth's shadow, it's a lunar eclipse.
because the earth rotates on its axis
During a solar eclipse, it is the shadow of the moon that travels across part of the Earth as it passes between the Earth and the Sun. This creates the phenomenon where the moon blocks the sunlight from reaching the Earth's surface, causing a temporary darkness known as the eclipse.
Taking the Sun, Moon, and Earth, all three of them are lined up, with their centers pretty close to the same straight line, at the time of any eclipse. -- At the time of a solar eclipse, the Moon is the one in the 'middle'. -- At the time of a lunar eclipse, the Earth is the one in the 'middle'. I say 'middle', because the Sun is still 390 times farther from Earth than the Moon is, all the time.
During a solar eclipse, the shadow falls on Earth as the Moon blocks the Sun's light from reaching specific areas. This creates a temporary darkening of the sky and can be observed from the regions where the eclipse is visible.
Simple. You can't see any of the sun during a solar eclipse.
The hypothesis for a solar eclipse could be formulated as: "During a solar eclipse, the moon passes between the sun and the Earth, causing the sun to be partially or fully obscured from view on Earth." This hypothesis can be tested by observing and analyzing the alignment and movement of the sun, moon, and Earth during a solar eclipse event.
During a solar eclipse, the moon is lined up directly in between the Sun and the Earth, blocking out the sun's light.