The ball must be presented once. The ball must only be presented once. This is done by putting the ball in the glove before starting the pitch.
There's NO set rule ... The whole team can be in foul territory before/while the ball is being pitched ...
That's just the rule. It is like baseball, because if you pitched underhanded in baseball, it would be a balk, and there is probably a similar rule in softball.
you hit the ball towards the flag. But if it goes in a water hazard, you drop before the water.
The batter and each runner is awarded 2 bases from where they were at the time of the pitch.
if you jump up with the ball you must release it before you land
There is no set rule that states this. But in practice, most runners do this because the ball is live and they could be picked off.
According to the rule book, the umpire will declare the pitch a strike if the ball touches the batter as the batter strikes at the ball, or if the ball touches the batter while the ball is in the strike zone.
If there are runners on base, it's a balk. Runners advance one base (MLB Rule 8.05(e)). If there's no one on base, and the pitch is delivered, a ball is called unless the batter reaches base otherwise (MLB Rule 8.01(d)).
Home plate is in fair territory.
A coach may yell out from the dugout but, it is up to which ever player has the ball when the play is over. All he has to do is touch the contested base with the ball in his hand. The umpire will either rule safe or out. It has to happen before another pitch is thrown.
If the ball by rule is a fair ball, the runner must reach 1st base before he/she is put out. If the ball by rule is a foul ball, it is a strike. There are other rules regarding bunts, interference, and so on, but basically that's it.
No, the umpire can't call a strike or a ball until a pitch is thrown. There is no other play that uses those calls. An umpire can, however, walk the batter without a pitch being thrown if the pitcher attacks him. He can also advance a runner without a pitch being thrown if the pitcher balks. An umpire can, indeed, call a "ball" prior to a pitch. This is part of the rule designed to prevent the "spitball." This is very specifically spelled out in MLB Rule 8.02a. The pitcher may not touch his hand to his mouth while inside the mound, apply any substance to the ball, deface the ball, spit on the ball or his hand, or rub the ball against anything. The penalty is that a ball is called.