Generally, Jews trace themselves back to Abraham, through his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob, also known as Israel. Israel's sons, the children of Israel or Israelites went into Egypt where their status gradually fell. The book of Genesis in The Bible tells this story. Then, in the book of Exodus, the Israelites left Egypt and wandered in the desert for 40 years. The books of Exodus through Deuteronomy tell of these wanderings, and these books make it clear that, while Abraham may have introduced the idea of monotheism, major changes in the ritual structure of Judaism occurred in the desert. Only later were the Jews called Jews, after the breakup of the kingdom of David and Solomon, after the destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel, and after Babylon exiled the leadership and some portion of the southern kingdom of Judah. The word for Judaites came to refer to all survivors of that disaster, and that word cam into English as Jews.
They read from the Torah for the very first time.
The cast of The Story of the Jews - 2013 includes: Simon Schama as Himself - Host
The story of Purim is that when Queen Esther saved the Jews.
not very, as a western Jew she saw hardly any of the much greater hardships that were suffered by the eastern Jews.
Jews enjoy reading the Book of Esther, perhaps because, in the words of Martin Luther, it lionises the Jews. Otherwise, as a novel, it is a passably good story.
The first Jews came to Germany 1150 years ago, at the very latest. Possibly earlier. It is known that Charlemagne brought (or invited) Jews to Germany; and we have the names of Rabbis in Germany 1100 years ago.
The first Jews were the Israelites who accepted the Torah from HaShem in the Sinai. When the Israelites escaped from Egypt, there were other groups that joined them in the exodus, these people joined the Jewish Nation. As for how non-Jews became Jews in ancient times, the story of Ruth is the basis for modern conversion to Judaism.
The Jews believe in the story of Moses, as he is their prophet and leader.
How each person feels is very personal and individual, but in general, Jews are meant to feel a sense that they themselves were redeemed from Egypt along with their ancestors, and that they are now free.
They were first called the Hebrews, then Israelites, then Judaeans, then Jews.
Adam was the first person, created directly at God's hand, was generally very righteous, was the progenitor of all people including the Jews; and some very important lessons are learned from the Torah narrative concerning him and his wife.
Joshua was the first leader to lead the Jews into Canaan.