The sub-solar point is the point on the planet's surface where the Sun is (at some given moment) directly overhead. So it is the place on the planet's surface momentarily closest to the Sun.
However the question asks where the planet is nearest the Sun, so I'd say this means a point in its orbit where it's closest. This is called perihelion (the furthest point from the Sun on an orbit is aphelion). The Earth currently reaches perihelion in early January.
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If one considers the orbiting planet around the Sun, the closest point is called Perihelion. Peri for close and Helion for Sun. The furthest point is the Aphelion.
At the northern hemisphere's Summer Solstice (June 21 or 22) the sub-point of the Sun (the sub-point is the point where an astronomical body is straight up) is 23.6 degrees north of the equator, which is the Tropic of Cancer.
On the northern hemisphere's winter Solstice (December 21 or 22, depending on the cycle of leap years) the Sun's sub-point is 23.6 degrees south of the equator, touching the Tropic of Capricorn.
Aphelion (perihelion is when it at it's closest).
"Solstice" does.
Light-Years
equator
An equator is the intersection of a sphere's surface with the plane perpendicular to the sphere's axis of rotation and containing the sphere's center of mass; whereas, the capitalized term Equator refers to the Earth's equator.
latitude
proximal
Perihelion = The point in a body's orbit closest to the sun Aphelion = The point in a body's orbit furthest from the sun
The extreme points of an orbit are generically called "apsis", and that's now the preferred term for all bodies. The furthest point in the orbit would be apoapsis, or for the Moon specifically, apolune, though as noted this term is now deprecated. Note that this applies only to orbits. There is no word for the furthest point of the entire journey.
The angular distance north or south from the equator of a point on the earth's surface, measured on the meridian of the point.
The closest point to the Sun in a planet's orbit is called perihelion. The furthest point is called aphelion. Phil
Quasar
Those points on the map of the sky are the "solstices".
Those points on the map of the sky are the "solstices".
Albedo
"Solstice" does.
Light-Years
Relation to, on or in proximity to the equator or the plane of the equator.