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in the bundlsheath cells
C4 plants have concentric rings of mesophyll cells around vascular bundle sheath in the leaves.
By looking at their anatomy, in C3 plants, bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts; carbon fixation and Calvin Cycle reactions occur in mesophyll cells (and in the presence of oxygen). In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts; carbon is fixed in mesophyll cells, then transported to bundle sheath cells where Calvin Cycle reactions occur in the absence of oxygen. In both, photosynthesized sugars then enter the plant's vascular system. C4 have a concentric arrangement of the bundle sheath and mesophyll layer, the bundle sheath is also thicker. Another difference is their intervenial distances, from one bundle sheath to another you have in C4 only around 4 mesophyll cells but on 3 they are separated by 12. Overall, C4 plants are more adapted to environments with more oxygen, and C3 plants are more adapted to environments with more carbon dioxide.
Kranz means wreath in German. Kranz anatomy refers to an arrangement of bundle sheath cells surrounded by mesophyll cells in C4 plants. This arrangement ensures that mesophyll cells are no more than 2-4 cell layers away from the bundle sheath cells. Hence, the transport of C4 cycle metabolites is facilitated via plasmodesmata through these two cell types. Note that Kranz anatomy is not mandatory for C4 cycle.
They contain chloroplasts both in the mesophyll and budle sheath cells.
In a cell other that B4 and C4 you could enter the following formula:=B4+C4
Using Excel, the statement in cell C4 would be input as follows: =if(B4>99999,0.07,0.05) However, the case where B4 is in between 99999 and 100000 is not accounted for in the solution (or in the question).
(b2 - 20c2)(b2 + 4c2)
C4 plants make a 4 Carbon sugar in the mesophyll cells that enter the bundle sheath cells
in the bundlsheath cells
=(C4+C12)*C3 You must use the brackets, or otherwise the multiplication will be done first. This is the laws of mathematics. See the related question below.
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C4 plants have concentric rings of mesophyll cells around vascular bundle sheath in the leaves.
Cytoplasm of the mesophyll cells
I presume the SAS2 is $A$2. First, there cannot be a cell called B4$A$2, so that can be assumed that you have left an operator out. So presuming your formula would be =B3-B4-$A$2 and is starting in column B, then when copying to the right, the column references will change by one letter. B3 would become C3. B4 would become C4. $A$2 would not change. as it is an absolute reference. So the formula =B3-B4-$A$2 would become =C3-C4-$A$2 when copied one cell to the right. The operators will not change, just the cell references.
By looking at their anatomy, in C3 plants, bundle sheath cells do not contain chloroplasts; carbon fixation and Calvin Cycle reactions occur in mesophyll cells (and in the presence of oxygen). In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts; carbon is fixed in mesophyll cells, then transported to bundle sheath cells where Calvin Cycle reactions occur in the absence of oxygen. In both, photosynthesized sugars then enter the plant's vascular system. C4 have a concentric arrangement of the bundle sheath and mesophyll layer, the bundle sheath is also thicker. Another difference is their intervenial distances, from one bundle sheath to another you have in C4 only around 4 mesophyll cells but on 3 they are separated by 12. Overall, C4 plants are more adapted to environments with more oxygen, and C3 plants are more adapted to environments with more carbon dioxide.
Around 50ppm for C3 plants and around 5ppm for C4 plants.