electron or beta particle
Polonium, which has an atomic number of 84, decays to astatine, which has an atomic number of 85, a negative beta particle is emitted.
An electron - also referred to as a beta particle.
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88Ra, Radium
No. Radium is a heavy metal, atomic number 88 (with 88 protons). An alpha particle is a helium nucleus, atomic number 2. Radium decays by each atom emitting an alpha particle, becoming Radon gas, atomic nubmer 86.
When Radium-226 decays to form Radon-222, the Radium nucleus emits an alpha particle. The atomic number goes down by 2, and the mass number goes down by 4, matching the atomic number and mass number of the alpha particle.
Atomic number goes up by 1 and Mass stays the same
An alpha particle is emitted when Pt-190 decays to Os-186. An alpha particle has a mass number of 4, and an atomic number of 2. When Pt-190 decays to Os-186, the mass number drops by 4, showing that an alpha particle is emitted, along with energy. The other form of particle that could be emitted is a beta particle, which has a mass number of 0. The difference between 190 and 186 is 4, thus showing the emission of an alpha particle. Source: High School Chemistry class
240Pu decays to 236U by emitting an alpha particle. You can tell this by looking at the difference in atomic mass. 240 minus 236 is 4, and that is the mass of an alpha particle. You can also tell this by looking at a chart of the nuclides. See the related link below for an example from Brookhaven National Laboratories.
a beta particle
beta decay results from the transformation of a neutron in the nucleus to a proton (+ charge) and an electron (beta particle). The proton remains in the nucleus increasing the atomic number by one (mass number remains the same) while the electron is emitted as a beta particle. So, U-235 of atomic number 92 changes to Neptunium with atomic number 93. However, to my knowledge, U-235 decays by gamma not beta. U-236 decays by beta to Neptunium-236.
Cobalt-60m decays by emitting a gamma particle. This changes neither the atomic number nor the isotope number, since no nucleons are lost. The gamma particle has an energy of 58.59 keV. The resulting atom is Cobalt-60.