The same rules apply to denying a Filipino as to anyone else who applies for visa, particularly if one has been convicted of a crime, here or abroad, has resided in the US illegally and so on.
It's technically possible, depending on why you were denied permanent resident status.
No. The visa itself is granted/denied OVERSEAS in the country in which your fiance(e) resides. http://www.dixonimmigration.com/index.php?pid=2
Yes - they will usually write and detail the reason(s) why your visa has been denied
Filipino don´t need visa if stay no more than 120 days
Yes, a Filipino will require a visa to visit Chile. Please visit your local Chilean consulate/embassy for application details.
Yes, you need a Visa if you are a Philipino to get into the UK.
no
Kosovo is the only European country visa-free for Filipino citizens for a period of ninety days.
If your spouse has committed a crime in their home counrty there is a good chance they will be denied a green card or any extended stay visa, however I do believe they are allowed to get a shot-term tourist visa. There are a few other stipulations that might prevent the issue of a green card for a spouse. Check out usembassy.gov for more detailed info.
You will know if your Schengen visa is denied at the time of your interview. Details of your application are reported to member countries, as they also have a right to refuse a visa. Processing time can range from a few working days to weeks.
Philippines
Right.