Ion channels can open or close by stretching of the cell membrane, electrical signals, or chemicals in the cytosol or external environment.
Source : http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.agents/678931/description#description
Volume 33 reviews the current understanding of ion channel regulation by signal transduction pathways. Ion channels are no longer viewed simply as the voltage-gated resistors of biophysicists or the ligand-gated receptors of biochemists. They have been transformed during the past 20 years into signaling proteins that regulate every aspect of cell physiology. In addition to the voltage-gated channels, which provide the ionic currents to generate and spread neuronal activity, and the calcium ions to trigger synaptic transmission, hormonal secretion, and muscle contraction, new gene families of ion channel proteins regulate cell migration, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and gene transcription, as well as electrical excitability. Even the genome of the lowly roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans encodes almost 100 distinct genes for potassium-selective channels alone. Most of these new channel proteins are insensitive to membrane potential, yet in humans, mutations in these genes disrupt development and increase individual susceptibility to debilitating and lethal diseases. How do cells regulate the activity of these channels? How might we restore their normal function? In Ion Channel Regulation, many of the experts who pioneered these discoveries provide detailed summaries of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control ion channel activity.
Ion channels can open or close by stretching of the cell membrane, electrical signals, or chemicals in the cytosol or external environment.
stretching of membrane, electrical signals, cytosol chemicals, and external environment
the difference in voltage and certain chemical stimuli
Change in the voltage across the membrane, ligand binding, and mechanical stress.
All threshold stimuli can cause opening of gates depending upon type of receptor cell e.g. sound , light , pressure , temperature etc.
Yes
ion channels
Endocytosis is the provess used by the cell to bring in large molecules.
Eyes and ears, because the other three senses are not possible to detect a distance object.
Allogenic
The scientific name for veins that are close to the surface is superficial veins. These are the veins you can see under your skin.
GABA chemically gated channels and chloride nongated channels
ion channels
Butler Manor Estates
Endocytosis is the provess used by the cell to bring in large molecules.
Stimuli
Receptor
The Jonas brothers live in L.A. California, in a gated community. They have recently purchased a home in a gated community in West Lake, Texas, which is close to Dallas. I do not know the name of their new gated community or their exact physical address, but their street name is Wysteria Lane. You can look it up at google maps, their new house is HUGE!!!!
Tyler
the station is assigned, the name is made by the person who runs it.
River bifurcation is the name for where a river splits into several channels with islands in the middle. Distributaries are the product of river bifurcation which can form islands and channels.
gravity light and touch are the three stimuli for plant tropisms.
No. It would be confusing.