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The Marine invasion of Guadalcanal had several facets, and was mainly a response to Japanese attacks toward Port Moresby in New Guinea. Guadalcanal in the Solomons was a valuable location for control of the surrounding waters.

Strategically, Guadalcanal was the first major American response to Pearl Harbor (the first being the Doolittle bombing raid in April 1942), but on a tactical basis, it was essential to open a second front in order to protect Australia.

If the Japanese were able to open their planned airfield (re-named Henderson Field after being captured by the Marines), they'd have been able to interdict American shipping sending supplies to Australia.

Capturing and retaining control of Guadalcanal was essential to the American war effort, by keeping the southern thrusts of the Japanese forces in check.

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Q: What was the invasion of guadalcanal a counterattack for?
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