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Confederate and Federal infantry used muzzle-loading single-shot muskets in a variety of calibers, including .54, .58, and .69 caliber. Artillery was also muzzle-loading and ranged from 6-to 12-pounder smoothbores up to to 20-pounder rifled artillery. Officers of both armies carried sabers and were armed with revolvers, usually .36 and .46 caliber.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 8y agoFor most of the Civil War, the typical soldier on both sides was armed with a muzzle-loading smoothbore musket, with a bore diameter of .5 to .7 inches. These muskets were loaded from pre-made cartridges (a musketball and powder charge wrapped together), and usually used a percussion-cap device as ignition. Pistols were of similar manufacture, with the revolver concept almost universal.
Later (after Bull Run and starting in early 1863), rifles started to replace muskets as the prime infantry weapon. These rifles tended to be almost identical to the muskets in design, size, caliber, and ammunition used.
Besides the musket or rifle, the single-shot carbine (which were usually breach-loaders using a normal "bullet cartridge") was a favorite of cavalry units and some skirmisher units. About 60% of the length of a musket, they were of similar caliber.
A variety of bayonets were also an integral part of the infantryman's gear - typically, these were "socket" or "ring" bayonets, intended to be attached to the end of the musket or rifle, and not wielded separately like a knife. Cavalry opted instead for the Sabre - a long, lightweight single-edged slashing sword excellent for use by a mounted soldier against those on foot.
Finally, most of the early-war artillery was the smoothbore "Napoleon" brass cannon. A pure muzzle-loader, it shot a 5-6 inch diameter, 12-pound solid cannonball, or a canister shell (essentially a massive shotgun shell).
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∙ 9y agoSoldiers used rifled muskets in the Battle of Bull Run. They were more effective than the previously used bore muskets.
Wiki User
∙ 11y agothey used guns with muzzel loaders
Wiki User
∙ 15y agoGuns and cannons
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