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Before the American Revolutionary War, British prisoners were sold as indentured servants to work on American farms. While an individual could indenture himself for 7 years in exchange for passage across the ocean, a prisoner's indenture could last 30 years. During the Revolutionary War, prisoners made up the bulk of the British army. After that war, England needed a place to send prisoners. Australia was available.

Prisoners were sent from jails in England to prisons in Australia. After the prisoners served their sentences, they were released from prison in Australia. They would never return to England. Their relatives in England would never hear from them again. It was as if once they walked on board the boat they went to their deaths.

It was possible for a person in England to write to a person in Australia and get an answer. However, it required an address. Without knowing where they were, it was impossible to contact them. They were dead to their relatives back in England.

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Q: What were the death ships which sailed to Australia?
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