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A coil of wire in which current is flowing is an electromagnet. If to that arrangement you add an iron core, then the magnet will get stronger.
iron
Soft iron core
an electromagnet
first, you have to have a ferromagnetic core, like an iron bolt. then, you wind a magnetic wire around it. the thicker the winding, the stronger the magnet. the tips of the wire should be protruding so you can connect it to a source. skin the tips of the wire, too. connect the wire to a dc source and you got an electromagnet.
An iron core and wire wound around it
electromagnet
A solenoid is an electromagnet An electromagnet is a solenoid with an iron core
a part of the earths structure causes it to act like an electromagnet
Iron - use a bunch of iron nails, wrapped many times with insulated copper wire, if making your own electromagnet.
That can be a 'solenoid' or an 'electromagnet'.
iron