No, it is just beyond red hot. Almost in a plastic state.
Arc crater is the depression in the molten metal created by the end of the welding electrode during the welding of metal.
For all intents and purposes , if you don't melt the base metal you are not welding. So I guess the answer is "all of them"
The coating.
To support the molten metal while it is cooling
In soldering and welding, 2 or more pieces of metal are joined by melting metal at the interface between them. When the molten metal cools and hardens, it physically bonds the pieces together.
No, Forge welding is the simplest form of welding where two metals are heated to a state than can be forced to meld into each-other such as hammering or by other mechanical means such as a press. MIG Welding is short for Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). This is a process which uses electricity to melt the parent metal and the electrode (wire) while shielded by a inert gas to keep contamination's (our atmosphere (aka air)) out of the weld puddle. Forge welding uses brute force and heat to join metals while MIG welding uses electricity and a shielding gas.
A base metal is also called the Parent metal. It is that metal in the welding practice that has been cut by the various forms of cutting, then prepared and is to be welded. Welding is performed to join one section of the base metal to another section of base metal by means of the various welding processes, e.g. SMAW(Shielded Metal Arc Welding) where welding welding rods are used, GTAW(Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) where Tig wire is used, FCAW(Flux Cored Arc Welding) etc. The welding rods, the TIG wires etc are called the filler metals, for they fill the weld gaps by depositing their molten-state weld metals.
Welding rods are fillers that add to the molten pool of metal. They are usually stronger than the metals being fused. In arc welding, they have a coating that burns and creates a shield around the puddle. welding rods are used for weld two pieces of metal together, or to cut metal if you have big enough rods and enough amps.
because a thin-protective layer of slag is formed over the molten metal
When man started to melt and cast metal he would pour the molten metal into a mold, usually formed in the sand. If he wanted to join two or more of these "castings" he would place them close together and pour more molten metal where they touched. This would melt the edges of the two castings and upon cooling join them with weld. This is a basic welding process.
mig welding is Metal Inert Gas welding. it typically uses Constant voltage DC+ current. It uses a wire feeder that supplies the electrode to the weld puddle and shields the molten weld puddle with inert gas (argon/co2 blend). Filler wire and shielding gas depend on the metal being welded.
In (SMAW) Shielded Metal Arc Welding 'stick welding': Flux is the substance added to to molten metals to bond with impurities that can be readily removed. Slag is the waste material which is removed.