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Sterile or dry conditions
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What are the benefits of biofilm made by normal flora?
Longevity.
How is a biofilm different from a multicellular organism?
multicellular organisms are usually made up of specialised tissues that make up organs (a noteable exception is sponges). biofilms are made up of either a sinlge species or several species that fill niches in the biofilm ecosystem (one could liken the different species to different organs, providing different services to the biofilm as a whole).
When does minstruation occurs?
it varies by individuals but on an average of 21-35days
Which energy transfer occurs when ice cubes are placed in water that has a temperature of 45C?
it gained no energy. it melted. therefore is no longer an ice cube, & something that doesnt exist has no engery.
What type of cell does Photosynthesis occcur in?
photosynthesis doesnt occur in a certain cell it occurs in a part of the cell called chlorophyll
What two factors make a biofilm in an intravenous line especially dangerous to the patient?
The two factors that make biofilm in an intravenous line especially dangerous to the patient is infection and the difficulty of treatment. While the microorganisms are within the biofilm, they cannot be eradicated with antibiotics. However, if the biofilm were to detach from the IV line, the access to the circulatory system would potentially cause a massive infection.
What are the benefits of biofilm made by normal flora?
Longevity.
What is biofilm?
Biofilm forms when bacteria sticks to surfaces in moist environments by excreting a slimy substance. Examples of this would be the slippery rocks on the bottom of a stream or plaque on teeth.
Which microscope would be MOST useful for examining the contours of the surface of a bacteria cell?
It depends on the type of biofilm, what surface the biofilm is on, and what information you want to get by looking at the biofilm under a microscope. If you just want to look at how much of a surface is covered by a biofilm, you can use normal light trasmission microscopy (as long as the surface is transparent e.g. glass). Alternatively you could use epifluorescent microscopy in combination with a fluorescent stain. If you want to look at the structure of the biofilm, confocal laser scanning microscopy is probably the best as you can get a 3D image. Other useful types of microscopy include phase contrast and DIC, which allow you to look at the biofilm without staining it first.
What is the term used for a biofilm that builds up on the teeth?
plaque
Is a natural biofilm a pure culture?
A biofilm may consist of a single species embedded in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), or it may consist of multiple species. The monospecies biofilm does constitute a 'pure' culture, and these do occur under natural circumstances, as for example, H. pylori biofilm in the human stomach (Cole et al (2004) Characterization of Monospecies biofilm formation by Helicobacter pylori," Journal of Bacteriology 186:3124-3132). However, most biofilms that people are familiar with - pipe slime, tooth plaque, etc. - include multiple bacterial species, and can include algae and/or fungus.
Why antibiotics induce biofilm formation?
Antibiotics trigger a protective response by bacteria to form biofilms. Bacteria within a biofilm are thousands of times less susceptible to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria
Which microscope is most useful for visualizing a biofilm?
scanning acoustic microscope
How is a biofilm different from a multicellular organism?
multicellular organisms are usually made up of specialised tissues that make up organs (a noteable exception is sponges). biofilms are made up of either a sinlge species or several species that fill niches in the biofilm ecosystem (one could liken the different species to different organs, providing different services to the biofilm as a whole).
What human disease can be caused by complex aggregation of microbes known as a biofilm?
Endocarditis
How do you separate fungal cells from biofilm?
Remove the biofilm from the surface first. They best way to do that depends on the surface. Get the biofilm into water or PBS. Put some small (~2 mm diameter), sterile glass beads in the tube. Vortex for about 30 seconds or so (you will need to optimise this). This should separate most of the cells from the biofilm matrix. Now it depends on what you want the cells for. If you just want to count them, you could use something like FISH and count the cells under a fluorescence microscope, or using FACS. If you want individual cells, that is trickier.
When does minstruation occurs?
it varies by individuals but on an average of 21-35days
