What is the origin of state and law?

Answer 1

Mostly the Government of Great Britain super-imposed its laws upon the U.S. and they kept them in large part, adding some French laws and some of their own changes over time. Biblical laws from the ancient Jews also had some affect on these laws of the state since England and most of the western nations were once ruled partly by the Catholic church and that church had adopted many Jewish laws as their own and forced them upon the governments f the world.
The laws of Great Britain evolved over centuries from the laws of the Roman government, the laws of Vikings and others who inhabited that area as well as being derived partly by the religious influence of the Christian church.
The laws of the Roman Empire arose from the rulings of the Roman emperors and also had roots in the laws of Greece.
The laws of Greece came about from the people of Greece getting educated and having debates and forming democracies and voting.
Prior to that there was Natural law that sort of derived from just figuring out what was fair and right. Sort of common sense. things were less complicated back then.
The laws of nature set the basis for a lot of law and they derived from physics and anatomy. FOR INSTANCE:

It was natural and instinctive for humans to copulate and create children who needed many years of help to grow up. So it was natural to develop rules of marriage to provide for stable family for the raising of young humans to adult age. It was natural to prohibit stealing since people need to gather food and eat it and it took some skill and energy to do it. If theft was allowed, the ones who could gather would starve and the lazy thieves would thrive. So rules against stealing were natural law. This natural law existed long before it got codified by civilizations and put in writing.

It was natural for water to run downhill so people who live upstream get superior rights to water. It was natural for people to take and protect territory for hunting and farming so written laws later incorporated the rights of first possessors to have this control. (unless it was taken by force from somebody else who had a different law)
The FORCE of law comes from POWER. Power comes from MIGHT. ( today Money is more powerful than might in most instances or has replaced it)

So you could conclude that all man's law ultimately is derived from the instinct of living beings to survive and prosper. Laws are made and enforced by the most successful at this. One natural law was "Might makes right", since all laws are written by the stronger humans who win the conflicts over necessities. This is the scientifically noted "law" of Survival of the Fittest, first declared by Darwin. It was never a true law but just an explanation of a mechanism that operates in evolution.

Answer 2

The primary source for US laws has traditionally been English Common Law.

Answer 3

State Legislature