If there are three attachment points then you have a ground and two hots. The ground goes to the green screw and the hot wires can be connected to either hot screw. If there are four wires then the hots will likely be red and black. The white wire is the common or neutral and the green or bare wire is ground.
You don't, at least, not legally.
No it is not
Wall receptacles are wired in parallel. black to black, white to white, ground to ground.
The hot wire's cover is smooth and connected to what I call the "button" at the bottom of the socket. The neutral wire's cover has ridges and is connected to the screw shell of the socket.
You'll need to contact an electrician who will pull a new wire for you. If you only have 2 wires on the 240 line, you don't have a neutral or a ground; both of which are essential for a modern electric range.
2 gang
No
You don't, at least, not legally.
No.
The following applies to the UK Blue wire goes to neutral Brown wire to live Yellow/Green stripe wire to earth
No it is not
Wall receptacles are wired in parallel. black to black, white to white, ground to ground.
Round 2-pin; 220V AC
Wire sizing is based on the amperage of the connected load. The wire size number 12 is rated at 20 amps.
Electrical range is usually 220V and requires at least a 40A breaker. In a three wire configuration, the white power carries 110V, the black wire carries 220V and the green wire is the ground. A four wire configuration has an additional wire that is neutral.
45
The hot wire's cover is smooth and connected to what I call the "button" at the bottom of the socket. The neutral wire's cover has ridges and is connected to the screw shell of the socket.