Who discovered inoculation?

Answer 1

Edward Jenner is credited with discovering inoculation when he developed the small pox vaccine. Inoculation was introduced when small pox was purposefully injected into the skin of material from small pox pustules.

Answer 2

In 1963 the U.S. approved the first Measles vaccine which was developed by John Enders. Although the vaccine was effective in preventing future measles infections, it had to be given along with gamma globulin (human blood proteins) in order to reduce side effects.

In 1968 an improved version created by Maurice Hilleman and colleagues was brought to market. Hilleman eliminated the need for giving gamma globulin with the vaccine by passing the virus through chick embryo cells an additional 40 times, weakening it even further. Called the Moraten strain (More Attenuated Enders), it has been the only measles vaccine used in the United States since licensure. He later improved vaccine delivery by figuring out how to combine the measles immunization with those for mumps and rubella (MMR).

Dr. Hilleman created more than three dozen vaccines, more than any other scientist, including eight of the 14 most commonly used vaccines today such as those for mumps, measles, chicken pox, pneumonia, meningitis, rubella, hepatitis A and hepatitis B. His measles vaccine alone is estimated to prevent 1 million deaths worldwide every year. He also has made key contributions to the prevention of influenza outbreaks. Despite being virtually unknown to the general public he has probably had the largest inmpact on world health of any scientist in the 20th century.