No one person. It is thought that rifling came about from experiments to reduce the fouling caused by black powder, and devloped gradually in the 1400s. See link below for some general information.
http://riv.co.nz/rnza/hist/gun/rifled1.htm
Tyler Henry in 1860 and he called it the Henry rifle.
Octagan
1520, the 16th Century.
It is believed that sniper rifles were invented around 1857 with the advent of the Enfield rifle. This rifle was then surpassed by the Whitworth rifle which became the first long range sniper rifle.
Rifles were invented in the 15th Century, during the Civil War Period. If you are asking about when lands and grooves were used in barrels, the answer would be a few hundred years before the Civil War.
22 Magum lever action
Kalishnikov...it is the name of the Russian who designed the AK-47.
No, They were invented long before him. He invented the first Model Daisy BB Rifle, but BB rifles where around before that. Lewis and Clark carried an air rifle with them and the Austrian army had air rifles in the 1500's
The first bolt-action rifle was invented by German inventor Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse in 1824 CE.
The company Sturm, Ruger & Co was first set up in 1949, when it first began selling its rifles. Since then, it has enjoyed wide success for its popular rifles.
The lever action Henry was among the first successful rifles to use a magazine- but it was not a detachable magazine.
Wepons in WW1 were pretty basic, the armies all had standard rifles, machine guns had recently been invented and were used often. Artillery was also used. Gas and tanks were invented and used.
Air rifles were used by Lewis and Clark. BB guns appeared around the turn of the century. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The oldest known air rifle was invented by Girandoni of Vienna about 1780, for the Austrian Army.