George Stephenson, around 1825. The 4' 8 1/2" gauge was used by horse drawn wagons in mines for years before and was adopted as standard across the USA, UK and most of Europe. Other gauges were tried and dropped, in favour of standardisation.
* Added - Although George was responsible for standardizing the railroad tracks and advancing railroads, he was not the inventor of the locomotive or of the railroads. The recognized locomotive inventor is Richard Trevithick in 1803, but his invention relied on inventions of many people before him as well. The first railroads date to the 1500's and many people were responsible to advance them to what they are today.
The hand pump was invented by the Ptolemaics or today known as the Egyptians.
Paper is the invention made by the Han Dynasty that we still use today.
It was developed by Dr. Sam Hurst. He invented the first touch sensor which was not transparent and hence not like the touchscreens like today in 1971 at Kentucky University. In 1974, he developed transparent touchscreens we use these days and in 1977 the whole technology used today was developed and patented it.
Richard Trevithick (1771-1833), in 1804, in England. It worked, but it was too heavy to be practical at that time, real railroads began about 1820.
Most steam engines except those used on tourist railroads have been replaced with the more efficient steam turbine engines.
No one person invented the railroad as it evolved over hundreds of years. The first railroads did not have locomotives. Richard Trevithick is credited with creating the first successful steam locomotive. George Stephenson is credited with expanding the use of railroads from being a part of a mining operation to the first passenger railroads.
Andrew Jackson
United States
1863-1869
when they felt like it
1931
Wikipedia has a very nice article. Google "railroads"
The Romans actually invented concrete! We still use that today. They also invented roads. The Roman people invented the making of wine and how to do it. Romans had and used libraries and the building design of Roman buildings are still in use today.
Ted Judah
They invented a type of currency we use today, coins!
Julius Caesar
Who invented the first ship, railroads, airplane, etc.