It depends on the work & how/why it was created.
The owner of a copyright may be one (or more) of several people/entities
1) The creator
2) In the case of work-for-hire the copyright may belong to the company/individual it was created for.
3) The assignee. Copyright like any property can be sold or given away.
4) The public. After a certain period of time or by designation a work will become "Public Domain" meaning that it can be used without restriction.
The person or entity who filed the copyright. There are no 'Copyright Police."
The copyright holder, or anyone the copyright holder authorizes.
The copyright holder or their appointed representative can take action.
With permission from the copyright holder, yes.
In writing.
Only use materials in the public domain, for which you are the copyright holder, or for which you have permission from the copyright holder or an exemption in the law.
The only way to be certain is to contact the copyright holder yourself.
Nothing will happen to a person who breaches copyright law unless the holder of the copyright chooses to sue the violator. The lawsuit court settlement will determine the monetary damagesowed to the copyright holder (if any).
Unless other arrangements are made, the creator of the work is the automatic copyright holder.
You need permission from the copyright holder or an exemption in the law.
Unless other arrangements were made, the creator is the initial copyright holder.
Unless other arrangements were made, the creator is automatically the copyright holder.
If you are the copyright holder, simply fill out the complaint form (link below) and YouTube will work with you to address the issue. If you aren't, you may wish to alert the copyright holder.