The American Enlightenment is a term sometimes employed to describe the intellectual culture of the British North American colonies and the early United States (as they became known following the American Revolution). It was a part of a larger intellectual movement known as the Age of Enlightenment. The American Enlightenment began during the 1690s but didn't become fully realized until the 1730s. The origins of the American Enlightenment are predominantly European. However Puritan culture also contributed to the prominence of the Enlightenment in America. Small Puritan religious colleges were one of the few places where philosophy was discussed prior to the Enlightenment. During the American Enlightenment these colleges rapidly expanded and became the breeding grounds for the Enlightenment thinkers. Throughout the colonies "Enlightened" individuals focused on classical writings for inspiration. The American Enlightenment was categorized not only by knowledge of classical writings but also an atmosphere where people craved new knowledge and wisdom. It was that craving that inspired people to make new developments in science, religion, and politics. There was a large emphasis during the Enlightenment for new scientific developments. One of the easiest ways America participated in the scientific community was by exploring the colonies. During expeditions through unknown territories explorers kept very detailed journals noting any discovery of new plant or animal life. Dr. Michael Sarrazin was an example of an explorer whose scientific journals largely contributed to the scientific community. Dr. Sarrazin took expeditions to document any plant or animal life previously unknown in Europe. He then sent his journals and plant specimens to Europe where they were studied at Oxford University and The Academy of Sciences. The largest contribution to scientific community came from Benjamin Franklin's works on electricity. Franklin was convinced that new scientific discoveries like electricity should be put to use for the improvement of human life. Although the Enlightenment's effect on religion is often overlooked, it was evident in America. John Wise, a Puritan clergyman, supported Plutarch's claim that "to follow God and obey Reason is the same thing." Wise began to preach these ideals and immediately received praise from some of the best known enlightened thinkers. Wise's "religion of reason" became very popular especially in the Calvinist and Anglican congregations in the colonies but found serious opposition when received by more orthodox communities. Wise's "religion of reason" has a left a lasting mark on the predominant Christian denominations today. Probably the most influential aspects of the American Enlightenment were political developments. It is without doubt that the ideas of the American Enlightenment led to America's independence and the principles of the Government America has today. Through enlightenment ideals people began to think that a ruler had to be held to higher laws. American political minds like Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Samuel Adams, and James Madison were able to take the ideas of John Locke, David Hume, and Adam Smith to create a government whose power was obtained from the people. The founding fathers were able to create a checks and balances system that held rulers to higher laws. They also sought to create a government that would protect the natural rights of man. Today, this is exemplified in the Bill of Rights.
Benjamin Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette introduces Enlightenment ideas to its reader. APEX
Enlightenment thinkers valued individual liberty, but the U.S government continued to allow slaves to be deprived of all liberty
The Declaration of Independence could be described in may ways. There is no "best" one.It was a statement of American existenceIt was a statement of American identityIt was, and still is a statement of American hope for the country and for the people.And, of course, it can be described as a statement of American independence - the very reason for the existence of the document.
American colonists thought British taxes were unfair.
Benjamin Franklin was the American who best exemplified the Enlightenment way of thinking.
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin is the American leader recognized for his scientific discoveries and inventions during the Enlightenment period.
In my opinion that was Thomas Jefferson, the architect of American democracy.
Claude Debussy
The Declaration of Independence
The first two paragraphs of the American Declaration of Independence sum it up perfectly, they espouse liberty, freedom, and the importance of reason and rationality in a decision. They also are written by Jefferson, himself a great enlightenment thinker, basing his work on other notable enlightenment thinkers, most notably, John Locke.
Active thinking
Benjamin Franklin
Jefferson support Enlightenment principles but continued to own slaves.
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Johann Sebastian Bach