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Born in 584 AD, He was the second caliph (in arabic خليفة, pronounced Kha-lee-fa, meaning successor) of the prophet Muhammad. The first was named Abu-Bakr. Umar ruled for about 10 years, and was killed in the mosque known as Masjid-Al-Nabawi (The Mosque of the Prophet) by a man named Abu-Lu'lua, who challenged one of his verdicts as a judge passed against him. Umar was originally a great enemy against the spread of Islam, but he later embraced it and is said to be the second-greatest man alive after the prophets, the first being Abu-Bakr. His reign was full of remarkable conquests, and he ended up conquering Byzantium and Persia- the superpowers of the day.

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Q: Who was umar ibn al-Khattab?
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