Who won the 2001 Nobel Prize?

Answer 1

Four people have received two Nobel Prizes.

1. Maria Skłodowska-Curie received the Physics Prize in 1903 and the Chemistry Prize in 1911.
2. Linus Pauling won the 1954 Chemistry Prize Pauling also won the Peace Prize in 1962.
3. John Bardeen received the Physics Prize twice: in 1956 and in 1972.
4. Frederick Sanger received the prize twice in Chemistry: in 1958 and in 1980.

Two organizations have received the Peace Prize multiple times.

1. The International Committee of the Red Cross received it three times: in 1917 and 1944 for its work during the world wars; and in 1963 during the year of its centenary.
2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won the Peace Prize twice for assisting refugees: in 1954 and 1981.

Answer 2

Peace- United nations and Kofi Annan, secretary-general of the UN, were cited for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world.

Literature- Sir V S Naipaul (UK) for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories. Naipaul explores alienation and the hardships of postcolonial countries in his works of fiction and nonfiction.

Physics- Wolfgang Ketterle (Germany), Eric A. Cornell, and Carl E. Wieman (both U.S.) for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. In discovering the Bose-Einstein condensate, a new state of matter, the laureates have explained the secrets of the microworld of quantum physics.

Chemistry- One-half jointly to William S. Knowles (U.S.) and Ryoji Noyori (Japan) for their work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions, and one-half to K. Barry Sharpless (U.S.) for his work on chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions. They have opened up a new field of research in which it is possible to synthesize molecules and material with new properties.

Medicine- Leland H. Hartwell (U.S.), R. Timothy Hunt, and Paul M. Nurse (both UK) for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle.Their discoveries concerning control of the cell cycle may in the long term open new possibilities for cancer treatment.

Economics- George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence, and Joseph E. Stiglitz (all U.S.) for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information. The laureates contributions form the core of modern information economics.

Answer 3

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2001 was awarded jointly to Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, and Paul Nurse for their discoveries regarding the regulation of the cell cycle.

Answer 4

Jimmy Carter won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.

Answer 5

The humanitarian organisation known as Médecins Sans Frontières.

Answer 6

The 1999 Nobel Peace Prize went the Medecins Sans Frontieres, for "in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents".

Answer 7

in that year the award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma.

Answer 8

Bert Sakmann won The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1991.

Answer 9

Mohamed ElBaradei

Answer 10

Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck.