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What is diazonium salts?
Diazonium salts are organic compounds with the general chemical formula R-N+2X-, where: - X is an anion (organic or inorganic) - R is an organic structure
What are alkyl diazonium salts?
Diazonium means, Di=2, azo=nitrogen and ium= +charge, so two nitrogen atoms having positive charge is a diazonium ion, when such ion is attached to alkyl group it is Alkyl diazonium ion and a negative ion attached to this ion means alkyl diazonium salt as R-N2+Cl-
Why diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines?
the intermediate positively charged nitrogen is being supplied by large electron clouds coming from both sides, i.e., the intermediary triple bonds with the other N that is attached to a conjugate base (that's why it is a diazonium salt) and the pi electron cloud from the benzene ring.... this makes the aromatic diazonium salt much more stable on the other hand, the intermediate positively charged nitrogen is much less stable due to a weak van der waals and london forces coming from the aliphatic alkyl chain although the intermediary triple bonds of another nitrogen is near-by. thus, it is the large pi electron cloud of the aromatic ring which stabilies the positively charged nitrogen of the diazonium salt
Which salts are needed in your body?
The most important is sodium chloride.
What two salts are found in ocean salt water?
The most important is sodium chloride; other salts are magnesium, potassium, calcium chlorides and of course many minor salts.
What is diazonium salts?
Diazonium salts are organic compounds with the general chemical formula R-N+2X-, where: - X is an anion (organic or inorganic) - R is an organic structure
Give the hydrolysis of diazonium salt?
Diazonium salts are unstable compounds, aromatic diazonium compound on hydrolysis give phenol and Nitrogen gas. C6H5-N2+Cl- + NaOH(Aq.) = C6H5-OH + N2 + NaCl
What are alkyl diazonium salts?
Diazonium means, Di=2, azo=nitrogen and ium= +charge, so two nitrogen atoms having positive charge is a diazonium ion, when such ion is attached to alkyl group it is Alkyl diazonium ion and a negative ion attached to this ion means alkyl diazonium salt as R-N2+Cl-
What are the chemical properties of diazonium salts?
They can undergo subtitution reactions easily to form halogenated products. Submitted by pharm ajar
Why diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines?
the intermediate positively charged nitrogen is being supplied by large electron clouds coming from both sides, i.e., the intermediary triple bonds with the other N that is attached to a conjugate base (that's why it is a diazonium salt) and the pi electron cloud from the benzene ring.... this makes the aromatic diazonium salt much more stable on the other hand, the intermediate positively charged nitrogen is much less stable due to a weak van der waals and london forces coming from the aliphatic alkyl chain although the intermediary triple bonds of another nitrogen is near-by. thus, it is the large pi electron cloud of the aromatic ring which stabilies the positively charged nitrogen of the diazonium salt
What are the various reagents?
The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts. It is named after the Swiss chemist Traugott Sandmeyer. An aromatic (or heterocyclic) amine quickly reacts with a nitrite to form an aryl diazonium salt, which decomposes in the presence of copper(I) salts, such as copper(I) chloride, to form the desired aryl halide. The reaction is a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
Why aryl diazonium salt are more stable then alkyl diazonium salt?
The reason is that the aryl group is able to stabalize the diazonium salt through resonance, while the alkyl group may not be resonance stabalized.
Why must the diazonium salt be kept cold?
Because diazonium ions are unstable at room temperature and become decomposed giving the Nitrogen gas.
Why is it essential to keep the diazonium salt at zero degrees while you are forming the sodium 2-naphthoxide?
Because diazonium ions are unstable at room temperature and they can decompose
What are the ways to synthesize 2-Bromo-3-methylpyridine?
2-Bromo-3-methylpyridine can be synthesized from the chemical 2-amino-3-methylpyridine. First diazotized in hydrobromic acid, and then decompose the diazonium salt with the brominated copper salts, and then extracted with a solvent.
How do you do diazotization titration?
The process by which an aromatic primary amine is converted to a diazonium compound. The preparation and reactions of diazonium salts were discovered in 1858 and were the basis of the synthetic dye industry and the development of other industrial chemistry in Europe. In diazotization, sodium nitrite is added to a solution of the amine in aqueous acid solution at 0–5°C (32–41°F). Reaction of the amine with nitrous acid gives a nitrosamine. Tautomerization and loss of water lead to the diazonium ion, which is stabilized by delocalization of the positive charge at the ortho and para carbon atoms of the ring, as in the reaction below. See also Amine; Aromatic hydrocarbon; Delocalization. The overall reaction is simple and very general. Substituents of all types—alkyl, halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, sulfonic acid—can be present at any position. Heterocyclic amines such as aminothiazole or aminopyridines can also be diazotized. Aromatic diamines are converted to bis-diazonium compounds. Diazonium salts are generally used and handled in aqueous solution; they are explosive if isolated and dried. The great importance of diazonium compounds in dye technology lies in the coupling reactions that occur with an activated aromatic ring, such as that in phenols or aromatic amines. Coupling, or electrophilic substitution by ArN2+, gives compounds with an arylazo group at the position para or ortho to OH or NH2. Reaction with amines occurs in weak acid solution. With phenols the phenoxide ion is the reactive species, and slightly basic solution is used. See also Chemical equilibrium. The azo dyes obtained in these coupling reactions are one of the important types of synthetic dyes. The color of the dye can be varied widely by choice of diazonium and coupling components. The coupling reaction lends itself to an important method of applying the dye to fabrics. In this process the coupling reagent, such as a naphtholsulfonic acid, is absorbed onto the fiber, and the coupling reaction is then carried out directly on the fiber by passing the fabric through a bath of the diazonium solution. See also Dye.
How do you do diazotization?
The process by which an aromatic primary amine is converted to a diazonium compound. The preparation and reactions of diazonium salts were discovered in 1858 and were the basis of the synthetic dye industry and the development of other industrial chemistry in Europe. In diazotization, sodium nitrite is added to a solution of the amine in aqueous acid solution at 0–5°C (32–41°F). Reaction of the amine with nitrous acid gives a nitrosamine. Tautomerization and loss of water lead to the diazonium ion, which is stabilized by delocalization of the positive charge at the ortho and para carbon atoms of the ring, as in the reaction below. See also Amine; Aromatic hydrocarbon; Delocalization. The overall reaction is simple and very general. Substituents of all types—alkyl, halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, sulfonic acid—can be present at any position. Heterocyclic amines such as aminothiazole or aminopyridines can also be diazotized. Aromatic diamines are converted to bis-diazonium compounds. Diazonium salts are generally used and handled in aqueous solution; they are explosive if isolated and dried. The great importance of diazonium compounds in dye technology lies in the coupling reactions that occur with an activated aromatic ring, such as that in phenols or aromatic amines. Coupling, or electrophilic substitution by ArN2+, gives compounds with an arylazo group at the position para or ortho to OH or NH2. Reaction with amines occurs in weak acid solution. With phenols the phenoxide ion is the reactive species, and slightly basic solution is used. See also Chemical equilibrium. The azo dyes obtained in these coupling reactions are one of the important types of synthetic dyes. The color of the dye can be varied widely by choice of diazonium and coupling components. The coupling reaction lends itself to an important method of applying the dye to fabrics. In this process the coupling reagent, such as a naphtholsulfonic acid, is absorbed onto the fiber, and the coupling reaction is then carried out directly on the fiber by passing the fabric through a bath of the diazonium solution. See also Dye.
