Like Caesar, he wanted to defeat the hated French
To establish Catholicism as the de facto successor to Roman Imperial rule.
Yes, he did retire and became the pope.
The most powerful priest in Rome is the Pope.
Pope Julius I
A calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, which was later corrected by Pope Gregory XIII in the Gregorian Calendar.
Pope Pius III was the predecessor of Pope Julius II.
Pope Julius I died on 352-04-12.
Yes, Pope Julius II was a patron. Pope Julius II was Michelangelo Buonarotti patron. Pope Julius II wanted Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the "Sistine Chaple". To be Continued........
Julius Caesar improved the calendar by revising it and turning the old lunar calendar into a solar calendar. The solar calendar more accurately reflects the seasons. Pope Gregory made a few minor changes to Caesar's basic calendar and the Gregorian calendar is what we use today. However the Julian calendar, the one which Caesar produced, is still used in some instances today, especially religious ones.
Pope Julius I
Pope Julius II was pope in 1551.
Pope Julius was dead before the Reformation. The only possible connection is that Pope Julius II proposed the rebuilding of Saint Peter's Basilica. Pope Leo X who followed Julius as Pope, was accused of selling indulgences to support the project.
Pope Julius III, see the New Advent article below: