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Augustus started it by trying to establish defensible frontiers, going beyond them in punitive raids only, and trying by diplomacy to cover the non-defensible areas (eg with the Parthians on the Syrian border. Some later emperors tried expansionism (eg Claudius in Britain, Trajan in Dacia, Hadrian in Dacia and Mesopotamia) but the beginnings of the massive movements of Germanic and other peoples brought it back to Augustus' policy of using the Rhine-Danube line as the European border which could be defended. Eventually, of course, even that was breached under pressure of the hordes moving westwards.

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15y ago
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12y ago

Well, in pulling all troops out of Britannia the Western emperors were trying to protect the core of the empire. Italy and Rome. That, or the parts of the empire given up were so overrun with barbarians that these parts could not be reclaimed.

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10y ago

The Roman Emperors did not start giving up the lands they conquered by the end of 100 AD. The emperor Vespasian (ruled 69-79) undertook the conquest of Wales and northern England (the southern part had been taken in 43). The emperor Domitian (ruled 81-96) conquered a small part of central Germany and under his rule there was a push into Scotland, but then troops had to be diverted to deal with a war against the Dacians.

The Roman Empire reached its greatest extension under the emperor Trajan (ruled 96-117 AD). He was at war with the Dacians in 101 and conquered Dacia (present day Romania and Moldova) by 109. In 107 he annexed Nabatea (in present day Jordan) and in 113 he was at war with Persia. In the course of this war he took over the Armenia and Mesopotamia (present day Iraq) by 116.

It was the emperor Hadrian (ruled 117-138) who decided to abandon the Roman conquests in Armenia and Mesopotamia to avoid war with the Persians. He also withdrew from Scotland, probably because he through that war in the difficult highlands of Scotland was not worth it, and built Hadrian wall to protect the Roman province of Britannia from attacks by the Picts of Scotland. Hadrian's reign was a peaceful one. After this there was no more giving up of Roman territories, there was a further attempt to push into Scotland and further wars with the Persians.

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11y ago

They feared the empire had become too large to defend efficiently!

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6y ago

There were too much EARS

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Q: Why did roman leaders give up parts of the roman empire?
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