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Italy didn't really surrender. In the summer of 1943, with Allied troops invading Sicily in preparation for an invasion of Italy itself, the king of Italy fired Benito Mussolini and had him arrested. The new prime minister offered to switch sides and join the Allies; in early September of the same year, they did so (the armistice did technically state that Italy was surrendering to the Allies). Italy declared war on Germany and for the rest of the war, Italy was a member of the Allies.

Mussolini was rescued by German commandos and brought to northern Italy- where German troops had control- and he was put in charge of the territory, calling it the Italian Social Republic. Over the next year and a half the ISR was overrun by Allied troops, and Mussolini was killed at the end of April 1945 while trying to escape to Switzerland. ISR territory went back to Italy as the Allies conquered it.

Germany surrendered in early May 1945. Adolf Hitler killed himself, as did some of his senior staff, and then his successor, Admiral Karl Doenitz, surrendered to the Allies about a week later. At that time, most of Germany had been occupied by the Allies, so that Doenitz's government only actually controlled the small town where he was (Flensburg, on the border with Denmark). The surrender went into effect on May 8, ending the war in Europe.

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Q: Why did germany and italy surrender?
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