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Islam, Judaism and christianity
The common Abrahamic religions are middle eastern in origin as well as several others. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all started in the middle east. Baha'i and Druze were religions with Islamic roots and so were also originated in the Middle East. Finally, Zoroastrianism is a religion practiced by Persians until Islam took over in the region.
A large number of religions do not originate in the Middle East, specifically all of the Dharmic faiths (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, etc.), all of the Sinitic faiths (Confucianism, Shenism, Daoism, Cao Dai, and Ancestor Worship), Shintoism (from Japan), nearly all of the Aminist faiths (African Traditional Religions, Indonesian Traditional Religions, Polynesian Religions, Native American Traditional Religions, etc.), all of European Paganism (Greco-Roman Mythology, Asatru/Norse Mythology, Druids, Wicca, etc.), and there are other minority or modern religions that have no links to the Middle East.
Prior to monotheism, most religions were based on worshipping many gods.
There are numerous religions that started in the Middle East such as the Kemetic, Akkadian, and Babylonian faith among many other polytheistic creeds. All three monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, also started in the Middle East.
Surely every religion with no followers at all in the Middle East, would equally be least prominent. This probably includes, say, Scientology, as well as many others.The question is a little more meaningful, but harder to answer with certainty, if it implies the least prominent religion with at least some followers in the Middle East. Perhaps, Mandeanism could be that religion, since the number of adherents in the Middle East is probably in the tens of thousands.NovaNet answer:Judaism
The Middle East is the homeland for a good number of nations that practice the religion of Islam. Also, the nation of Israel is home to the religion of Judaism which was established in that area several thousand years ago. It is the oldest religion which is still practiced in the Middle East. Israel is also home for many Christians and Muslims. A large number of Christians are scattered in Egypt and other parts of the Middle East. It can be said that Christianity began in the Middle East when a number of Jewish people converted to Christianity.
Not in the Middle East, but it is in India. Islam is the predominant religion in most Middle Eastern countries. Often times it is an "Islamic Republic" or some type there of that actually governs the countries. Many of the countries of the Middle East are intolerant of other religions so the actual percentage of people that openly profess to be a different religion are small.
Armenians and Georgians have a mix of religions like many people in the upper Middle East. Some are Coptic Christians, some Moslem and some Catholics.
Around 200 million Arabs live in the Middle East.
Currently, there are around 320 million Muslims in the Middle East, roughly 90% of the Middle East population.