Millimeter wavelengths are short frequency radio waves astronomers use because they can see gases and other phenomena not visible in visible light. MM wavelengths are usually used where the air is dry so water vapor can't scatter the waves.
An elliptical galaxy
No, however, we can determine whether a galaxy is moving towards or away from us, by looking at the shift in its spectrographic analysis. There are "red shifts" and "blue shifts" in spectrographic results. "Blue shifts" indicate that a galaxy is moving towards us, because the wavelength of the light emitted by the galaxy is compressed, causing it to shift to the blue end of the colour spectrum. "Red shifts" indicate that a galaxy is moving away from us, because the wavelength of the light emitted by the galaxy is being stretched towards the red end of the colour spectrum.
Astronomers once believed that planets were probably rare and unusual, and that tere might not be very many planets. However, recent discoveries indicate that planets are far more common; in fact, almost every star that astronomers have closely observed is discovered to have some planets! So it is likely that the "furthest planet in our galaxy" is on the other side of the galaxy from the Earth. The Milky Way galaxy has a radius of about 40,000 light years, and our solar system is about 3/4 of the way out from the center. So the "furthest planet in our galaxy" is probably somewhere near 70,000 light years away.
You might be asking about the Milky Way, the part of the sky where we are looking through the edge of our galaxy.
Most of the observation astronomers make are inside our Galaxy. Of course we still find new things. The Milky Way is a very complex and diverse collection of celestial objects. We still have much to learn!
infrared
The Milky Way Galaxy.
By translating the math model of a galaxies and a galaxy collisions into a simulation. And theoritically observe the process by experimenting with the variables.
By examining its spectrum, and identifying absorption lines in it. Lines are shifted toward shorter wavelength if the object is moving towards us. They're shifted toward longer wavelength if the object is moving away from us.
Because astronomers are still developing techniques to observe objrcts that lie on the opposite side of our galaxy nucleus from us.
Wavelengths is what allows astronomers redshift a background galaxy that is covered up. This is due to being close to the foreground galaxy.
An elliptical galaxy
duh were living in a barred galaxy
Astronomers have detected a quasar in a distant galaxy.
It's not possible that we could cross a galaxy. But astronomers study galaxies with huge telescopes.
No. "Universe". We can see things outside our galaxy.
Astronomers. They study all things about space.