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Water wave crests decrease in height when they are observed farther from the source because the energy that was used to create them is being distributed over a broader front. A rock thrown out into a lake creates a disturbance, and the wave travels out across the lake in all directions. As it moves farther out into the lake, a larger and larger area of water is carrying the energy. A fixed or finite amount of energy was initially delivered. The more area the wave covers, the more the energy must be distributed across the area. That means the amplitude of the wave in a given place far from the point of origin will have to be lower.

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Q: Why do water wave crests die down as they move away from the disturbance that created the wave?
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