The pencil appears bent because of "refraction". Simply put, light can't travel as fast in water as it does in the air. The difference in speed causes the image to appear to bend a bit.
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The reason a pencil looks as if it is taking a sharp angle is because of a process known as refraction. This happens when the light travels through the water to your eyes, this is also what causes you to see other objects to be smaller, or more oblong in shape.
It all has to do with the way light behaves.
Light travels through water differently than it does with air. Upon entering the water that is around the pencil, light will bend, causing distortion in the image that is seen with the eyes, which in this case causes the pencil to look "broken".
That is caused by defraction of light, because light travels slower in water than it does in air.
Light travels at a slower speed in water, therfore the light appears bent.
ambot is not water but ambot the broken ambot bow
This is called refraction, when like a stem is in a glass it looks cut.
due to refraction If the pencil is vertical, then it shouldn't look broken.
Your eye is interpreting the path taken by the light that reflects off the pencil.
Physically, the pencil remains a straight pencil. Optically, due to the refraction effect of water, the pencil will appear to be bent.
b
Refraction bends the light, making the straw appear to be broken.
due to refraction If the pencil is vertical, then it shouldn't look broken.
Your eye is interpreting the path taken by the light that reflects off the pencil.
Physically, the pencil remains a straight pencil. Optically, due to the refraction effect of water, the pencil will appear to be bent.
b
Refraction bends the light, making the straw appear to be broken.
Any light rays crossing the air-water border will be refracted, that is, bent. So, objects above the water will appear displaced. In other words, they will appear to be where they are not. You can see this phenomenon by placing a pencil in a glass of water. The pencil appears broken and discontinuous. This optical illusion is due to refraction.
As water is a denser medium compared to air refraction occurs. Refraction causes the light to be bent before reaching our eyes. Hence, pencil looks broken.
One example of refraction of light is a rainbow and a broken pencil when placed in a glass of water.
-the pencil looks broken & bent in water. - the pencil looks bent, because of the refraction of light, that causes that to happen. -pencil looks really thick, in water.
A pencil in water looks bent because of refraction. when light enters a substance with a different density than the one it came out of, the light either slows down or speeds up. this makes the light appear bent. If there is a pencil in the water, it appears bent because the light is traveling at different speeds through water and air.
optical effect
first of all it depends on the type of pencil. Heavier pencils may sink bu tmost pencils will float.