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Why is it harder to remove an inner shell electron than a valence electron from an atom?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Electrons are attracted to the positive charge on the nucleus. The further an electron is found from the nucleus of an atom, the lower the force of attraction between it and the nucleus. Therefore an electron far away from the nucleus (like a valence electron) will have less of an attraction to the nucleus than one close to it. A lower attraction to the nucleus translates into the fact that less energy would then be required to remove the electron from the vicinity of that nucleus.
Wiki User
∙ 15y ago
Wiki User
∙ 14y agoelectrons in energy levels that are further from the nucleus have the most energy.(the electron shells closest to the nucleus have the lowest energy) this means because the second energy level is further from the nucleus than the first electron, more energy is going to be needed to remove the second electron.
Wiki User
∙ 14y agoThe energy necessary to remove an outer shell electron from an atom is called the Ionization Energy.
The energy required to remove the first electron "First Ionization Energy"
The energy required to remove the second electron "Second Ionization Energy"
etc
The actual value varies for different atoms and whether it's the first, second, etc removed.
You should look at a Chemical Data Sheet to get these values.
Wiki User
∙ 14y agoAn element with a valance electron shell will want to either get rid of or gain an a electron, depending on the number of electrons in that shell. so that element will try to find other elements that, need or want to get rid of electrons, and bond with them to get a full valance shell. then the element is happy.
The inner electron shells of an element are complete an so they are stable.
Wiki User
∙ 13y agoValence electrons are the easiest to remove; i.e. require the least amount of energy to remove, because the electromagnetic force that exists between them and the positively charged protons of the atom's nucleus is weaker than that of inner electrons. This is because electromagnetic force decreases as the square of the distance between charges, and also because the electromagnetic force between the valence electrons and the inner electrons, since their charges are of the same sign, is repellent.
Read more at the related link
Wiki User
∙ 13y agoValence electrons are the easiest to remove; i.e. require the least amount of energy to remove, because the electromagnetic force that exists between them and the positively charged protons of the atom's nucleus is weaker than that of inner electrons. This is because electromagnetic force decreases as the square of the distance between charges, and also because the electromagnetic force between the valence electrons and the inner electrons, since their charges are of the same sign, is repellent.
Wiki User
∙ 12y agothe nucleous is positively charged , the electron is negatively charged..the closer to the nucleous an electron is the strongest is the force that attracts it (the force of the nucleous) so more energy is needed to remove it
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How does the octet rule explain the formation of a chloride ion?
The chlorine atom is in group 17 of the periodic table of elements, so it has 10 inner electrons and 7 outer "valence" electrons. In forming the chloride ion, it becomes negatively charged by gaining an additional electron in the outer shell, so the valence electron shell now has 8 electrons, as per the octet rule.
What is the atomic core of potassium ion?
The nucleus is an electron, but in the outermost shell (= valence electron). The atomic number (Z) of potassium is 19. Therefore its electron distribution is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s The valence electron is 4s, so the nucleus is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. The potassium ion, K+, has lost one of its outermost electrons, so it has the same electrons as the nucleus of K.
Why is the ionization energy of a sodium atom greater than that of a potassium atom?
Caesium's single outer electron is much further from the nucleus than that of sodium, so caesium loses its valence electron much easily than sodium, therefore caseium is much more reactive than sodium.
Why the first ionization energy for sodium is much smaller than the second ionization energy for sodium?
Ionization energy is referred to the amount of energy required to remove an electron from it's nucleus.The first ionization energy refers to the valence electron (the electron on the outer most shell)Blatantly, we can say that is requires less energy to remove valence electrons, rather than electrons in other orbitals, because it is farther away from the proton and therefore take less energy to remove that electron (ionization energy).The large discrepancy between the first and second ionization energies can be accounted for, by some of these factors:- such as shielding: basically the inner most electrons block some of the attractive forces from the nucleus (protons) and the valence electrons therefore have the most electrons blocking for them, because they are "in front" of all of the other electrons, on the outer most shell. Having this energy blocked means they are more free to move about.-Inverse square relationship between the first and Nth (n) shell: I won't write the entire equation but basically:the energy to be removed from the first shell is / by n^2, where n is the shell where the electron is removed from.Hence for the first (n=1) shellIE from 1st/ 1^2 = IE/1 = IE , this means that the energy to be removed from the first shell relative to itself is = which is true. This step is important.However, if we use the second shell (n=2), this is the second ionization energy.IE/2^2 = IE/4 , this means 4Xtimes LESS energy is needed to remove an electron from the second shell compared to the firstand then, if we use the third shell (n=3), which is the valence electron , also the FIRST Ionization energy.IE/3^2 = IE/9 , this means 9Xtimes LESS energy is needed to remove an electron from the third shell compared to the first.Conclusion: if we compare the first and second ionization energies, they are radically different from one another and there's a large discrepancy between the values due to the inverse square relationship between IE from the first energy level to the Nth level.
What is the normal number of inner electrons in calcium?
The answer is 18 inner electrons for Calcium (atom number 20)The first three shells of Ca are 'inner', the last, 4th, contains the 2 valence electronsSo (K,L,M,N) = 2, 8, 8, 2
What is the difference between a valence electron and a shielding electron?
Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell/orbitals. Sheilding electrons are inner electrons that block valence electrons from protons causing less attraction.
How many inner outer valence electrons in Cr atom?
Valence electrons are located in the outermost shell in an atom. Chromium has only one valence electron.
What is an inner electron?
These are the electrons that are not the valence electrons and are also known as core electrons.See the Related Questions and Web Links to the left for more information about valence and core electrons.
How many valence electron's does sulfur have?
Sulfur has sixteen electrons total, two in the inner shell, eight in the middle, and six in the outer. This means that it would have six valence electrons.
What is an inner shell electron?
These are the electrons that are not the valence electrons and are also known as core electrons.See the Related Questions and Web Links to the left for more information about valence and core electrons.
Why does ionization energy increase as atomic radius decreases?
Ionization energy is how much energy is needed to remove an electron from the valence shell (the outermost shell). When the atomic radius is smaller, you will need more energy to remove an electron because the pull from the nucleus on the electron is stronger. If the atomic radius is larger, then it will be much easier to remove an electron from the valence shell because there are more layers (shieldings) between the nucleus and valence shell.
What is the difference between valency and valence electron?
valence electrons are on the outer shell. they're the ones that will interact with other molecules as bonds are formed. electrons on inner shells don't interact with other molecules. they keep to themselves.
How do you find number of valence electrons?
Take the atomic number then subtract the amount of valence electrons. Example: Number of non valence (inner) electrons in Sulfur: 16 (atomic number) - 6 (valence electrons) = 10 (valence or inner electrons)
What are the electrons the outermost shell of an electron called?
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. The ones in the inner shell are known as core electrons.
How do you find the number of non-valence electrons?
Take the atomic number then subtract the amount of valence electrons. Example: Number of non valence (inner) electrons in Sulfur: 16 (atomic number) - 6 (valence electrons) = 10 (valence or inner electrons)
How to Use valence electron configuration to explain why helium is safer than hydrogen for use in airships?
Helium had valence electron of 2 and filled the most inner ring so it is chemically robust and inert. Outer valence electron ring contain 8 electrons so for Neon is robust as it had 2,8 electrons and Argon had 2,8,8 electrons and fill the outer ring.
What is happening to the elements electronic structures in group 1?
In Group 1 of the periodic table, the elements have one valence electron. As you move down the group, the size of the atoms increases due to the addition of more energy levels. As a result, the outermost electron becomes further away from the positively charged nucleus and more shielded by inner electrons. Thus, the electronic structure remains similar, with one valence electron, but the atoms become larger in size.
