Yes, the IRS can, and will, garnish an income tax refund if money is owed from an audit.
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An income tax refund is money that you receive back from the government from all the withheld taxes that were on your employment income. You usually receive this money through your bank or in the mail.
A. A tax refund
No. Usually a bank will send your debt to a collection agency. Most collection agencies don't have the authority to garnish your tax refund.
Yes, if the agency she owes money to has filed paperwork with the IRS and/or your state tax agency. If they garnish the joint refund, you can submit an injured spouse claim which is a request to have the refund split (usually according to how much of the income on the return belongs to each of you). The amount of the refund that belongs to her will be applied to her outstanding debt and the amount of the refund that belongs to you will be sent to you. You have a limited time to make this claim after you are notified that the refund was withheld to pay her debt, so read your notice carefully. If it's a joint debt, then you cannot make this claim because you both owe the money.Usually tax refunds are only garnished by other government groups (federal, state, or local), publicly funded schools, and student loan companies, but there may be others.
An audit report may have severe consequences. An IRS audit for example may cause a person to have to pay back money they received as an error in reporting income.