What actions made by Marcus Garvey shocked civil rights leaders?

Answer 1

Marcus Garvey shocked civil rights leaders primarily through his promotion of Black nationalism and a separatist agenda, which contrasted with the integrationist approaches of figures like W.E.B. Du Bois. His establishment of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and advocacy for a return to Africa as a means of empowerment were seen as radical. Additionally, his use of grand parades and the creation of a shipping line, the Black Star Line, to promote economic self-sufficiency drew both admiration and concern. Many civil rights leaders feared that Garvey's rhetoric could undermine their efforts for racial equality within the United States.