The Libertarian Party is one example :)
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Some third-party goals eventually become planks in the platforms of the major parties
Minor parties, or third parties as they are usually called, are candidate based parties like the George Wallace's American Independence party. They are usually organized around an ideology.
In elections with two dominant parties, a 3rd party candidate can siphon off votes that might otherwise have gone to someone else. Two recent examples would be Ralph Nader in 2000 and Ross Perot in 1992.
The two major US political parties are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
Three examples implied powers not expressed in the US Constitution are the income tax, military draft, and deleting a coin from the treasury. There are others that are enforced by statute.