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How is the order of succession to the presidency determined?
Vice PresidentSpeaker of the HousePresident Pro Tempore of the SenateSecretary of StateSecretary of the TreasurySecretary of DefenseAttorney GeneralSecretary of the InteriorSecretary of AgricultureSecretary of CommerceSecretary of LaborSecretary of Health and Human ServicesSecretary of Housing and Urban DevelopmentSecretary of TransportationSecretary of EnergySecretary of EducationSecretary of Veterans AffairsSecretary of Homeland SecurityNote that that if the vice-president becomes president or otherwise vacates his office, a new vice-president would be chosen as soon as possible. This list would be used only if both the president and vice-president died within a very short time period. Note also that if the holder of one these offices is not qualified to be president, then he will be skipped over in the list.This list is according to congressional guidelines passed in 1947,The Constitution sets forth the guidelines for presidential succession. In the event that the president dies or is removed from office, the vice president takes the oath of office and becomes the new president. He or she then appoints a new vice president, subject to congressional approval.The Constitution gives Congress the right to decide the order of presidential succession in the event that both the elected president and vice president die or are removed from office.The 25th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, passed in 1967, provides for procedures to fill vacancies in the Vice Presidency; and further clarifies presidential succession rules.However, the 25th Amendment does omit some critical information concerning presidential succession.There are two different concepts here: a person holding the Executive Office of the President of the United States (the actual president), and a person who is an Acting President (allocated presidential powers). Normally, these are the same person. However, there are a number of common cases where a different person occupies each role. This has important ramifications for the presidential succession. Also, note that any person who may potentially become Acting President must qualify for the presidency (i.e. be a natural born citizen, et al), otherwise, they can never be a temporary president. If such a person holds one of the offices on the succession list, they are passed over to the next person should the need arise.The 25th Amendment only somewhat improves the succession process; it does make clear that the vice president is to assume the office of the president (i.e. become the holder of the office of the president) should the current president die or resign. Article II, Clause 6 of the Constitution was not completely clear if the vice president merely became a temporary president, or actually assume the position of President.The 25th Amendment also provides for a method by which the vice president plus a majority of the Cabinet can temporarily force the president to step aside. In this case, the president retains the office of the president, but the powers of the presidency fall to the vice president, who is now the Acting President. The 25th Amendment also indicates how the president can contest this temporary removal, and possibly regain the powers of the presidency (at which time, the vice president is stripped of his/her allocated powers).The rest of the succession is set by federal law, and is not mentioned by the Constitution (or any Amendment). This law is the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, which attempts to define a complete succession. This law is what states that the succession goes to the Speaker of the House, then the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, then through the Cabinet. However, there are significant ambiguities as to whether the person that now holds the office of the president, or is merely the acting president (while legalistic, this does have some impact on actual law) - most interpretations are they are merely acting president.In addition, none of the documents deal with the all-too-common problems of immediate temporary succession. The 25th Amendment requires a majority of the Cabinet (the principle executive officers of the US) to agree to allow the V.P. to take over should the President still be alive. The Presidential Succession Act mentions "inability" as one qualifier to allow for succession to take place, but that has never been defined:The president is seriously injured, but still aliveThe president is unconscious, but aliveThe president cannot be reached, but is assumed to still be aliveThe president is taken hostageThe president is presumed dead, but there is still the possibility he is aliveThere is not a current majority of the Cabinet available (either enough of them have died, or they cannot be contacted effectively)The president is dead (or alive, but not functioning), and the vice president is unavailable in any way.There is no vice president and the president goes insane (or, suffers a mental breakdown, mental illness, etc.)In all of these cases, there is no functioning Acting President - the current holder of the office of the president has not relinquished it, and no law allows for a quick (temporary) assumption by someone else.These problems are serious. For, with no one as Acting President, the military chain of command has no leader, no legislation can be passed, and other severe consequences.A common example is an attempted Presidential Assassination. For instance: when President Reagan was shot by John Hinckley in 1981, Reagan was immediately rushed to the hospital, unconscious. In the mean time, it took quite a number of hours before Vice President George H.W. Bush (who was flying back to Washington, D.C. on Air Force Two) was able to assemble enough of the Cabinet to allow him to assume the powers of Acting President. Given that this was in the depth of the Cold War, the United States was without a leader for 6-10 hours.The fundamental issue is that there is no current method for allowing the next person in the succession to immediately take over unless the one ahead of them is dead. The rest of the succession policies take considerable time, during which no one has the authority of Acting President.
Who would be the last cabinet secretary to become president?
The most recent Cabinet member to become U. S. President was Herbert Hoover, who served as Secretary of Commerce from 1921 until 1928. (The most recent Cabinet member to become U. S. Vice President was Dick Cheney, who served as Secretary of Defense from 1989 until 1993.)
Who has the last word between the President of the US The Senate or the House of Representatives?
The president has the last word. This is because America operates the executive presidency system which requires that the president give his/her assent to bills before they can become law. This is unlike in the UK where parliament is supreme.
Who was the last catholic who ran for presidency in 1928?
Only three Roman Catholics have been major-party U.S. Presidential candidates:Al Smith (Dem., 1928)John F. Kennedy (Dem., 1960)John F. Kerry (Dem., 2004)
How long were presidents in office?
a presidents term in office could last up to 4 years.
