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Pulleys reduce the force required to lift heavy objects.
The transmutation of metals into gold has long been called "alchemy." One particularly famous alchemist, Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, otherwise known as Geber, was an Arabian alchemist who experimented heavily with sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, both of which he uncovered whilst distilling salts. Although his books on alchemy rarely made sense, he is most attributed for his role in chemical nomenclature for metals and non-metals. Because nobody could understand his crazed antics, his name became the root for the word "gibberish."
Battering rams were considered one of the strongest siege weapons, able to break down doors almost effortlessly. If rams were used in ancient Egypt, then they would have been used as heavy siege weapons.
Women's clothing from ancient Greece came in a few different forms. One typical Grecian dress design is the peplos, which was made of heavy wool and had shoulder clasps. The upper part of this dress was folded down to the waist.