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Stabilizer - the muscle may contract to hold a body part immobile while another body part is moving. The sustained stabilizing contraction is frequently isometric. In most normal activities, proximal joints are stabilized by muscle contractions during movement of more distal joints - proximal stabilization. For an isolated movement at one joint to occur, the muscles that control the joints proximal to that joint must stabilize the proximal joints so that no motion occurs there. The antagonists for each motion at the proximal joint co-contract or contract against each other to prevent motion. Example: the quadriceps may stabilize the knee in an extended position of permit plantar flexion of the ankle as when the individual rises to tip-toe in erect position To perform isolated elbow flexion the proximal shoulder joint must be stabilized by flexors/extensors, abductors/adductors and internal/external rotators. Neutralizer - prevents unwanted motions a muscle can perform so a specific motion can occur. Mostly dependant on the angle of pull. Examples: the biceps can flex the elbow and supinate the forearm. If only elbow flexion is wanted, the supination component must be ruled out. Therefore, the pronator teres, which pronates the forearm, would contract to counteract the supination component of the biceps, and only elbow flexion would occur. Neutralizers act to cancel out an unwanted movement With wrist ulnar deviation the flexor carpi ulnaris will cause lexion and lunar deviation of the wrist. The extensor carpi ulnaris will cause extension and ulnar deviation. If ulnar deviation is desired, these muscles would contract doing two things: they would neutralize each other's flexion/extension component, and they would act as agonists in wrist ulnar deviation Stabilizers and Neutralizers both use co-contraction to prevent motion and have an antagonistic relationship. Stabilizersare associated with joints; Neutralizers are associated with muscle.

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