This method is called electron dot diagrams, or Lewis dot diagrams.
Pure magnesium is a metal and the bonding is not covalent. Magnesium forms ionic bonds with more electronegative elements and this is its most common method of bonding. It does form covalent bonds for example with carbon in grignard reagents, for example ethyl magnesium bromide, C2H5MgBr.
Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. This sharing of electrons results in a stable molecule where atoms are held together by the shared pair of electrons. The strength of covalent bonds is determined by the number of shared electrons and the distance between the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
One major reason is that the bonds are actually in three dimensional space, but most drawings utilize only two dimensions, and no two dimensional drawing can exactly and fully represent a three dimensional reality.
Well! First some facs - H2 bond disocciation energy is 432 kJ/mol. This is greater than HCl (428 kcal/mol) so the simple statement is false. Pauling put this idea forward, he analysed bond strengths in terms of valence bond theory and the idea of resonance between a pure covalent bond and an ionic bond. Where the energy of the pure covalent and ionic was very close together there was a considereable strengthening of the bond. In the simple case of the hydrogen halides this criterion was met most closely by HF and the bond energy of this highly polar molecule was stronger than both the pure covalent or pure ionic forms. Pauling "invented" the concept of electrnegativity through this method of analysing bond strengths.
Covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared between atoms. Ionic bonds occur when one atom transfers electrons to another atom, forming positive and negative ions. The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged atoms form an ionic bond.
Intersection.
Intersection.
Azimuth
Intersection.
significant figures.
Significant figure
Azimuth
The correct spelling is "algorithm" (a method of expressing and solving equations).
The method of expressing direction illustrated is using a compass rose, which shows cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) and intermediate directions (northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest).
Scientific notation
most common military method of expressing direction
scientific notation