What are the types of grading and reporting systems?

Answer 1

for Grading system :

Letter Grades

• With the letter grade system, students can receive A, B, C, D or F grades. Letter grades are usually calculated with a nine or 10-point range assigned to each letter. A is the highest grade, associated with 90 percent accuracy or higher. A score of 80 percent to 90 percent correct is represented with the letter B. C grades mean 70 percent to 79 percent correct and a D is 60 percent to 69 percent correct. An F grade is given for a performance with 59 percent accuracy or less. Often in this grading system, a plus sign (+) is used if a student is on the cusp of a higher grade; for example 79 percent would be a C+. A minus (-) is used if the score is at the lower end of the grade scale; for example, a B- is 81 percent.

4.0 Grading Scale

• The 4.0 grading scale is another common type of grading, often used in conjunction with letter grades. This scale typically is used in high schools and colleges, as a means to calculate a Grade Point Average (GPA). When a student's average grades work out to an A---90 percent or higher---it is considered a 4.0 GPA. A student with a B average (80 percent) would have a 3.0 GPA; C average (70 percent) is a 2.0; and a D average (60 percent) is a 1.0 grade point average.

Mastery Grading

• A new trend in grading systems is mastery, Rick Wormeli writes in his book, "Fair Isn't Always Equal." Many school systems, in kindergarten through 12th grade, are moving away from the sometimes-subjective traditional grading systems toward the more concrete mastery grade systems, Wormeli says. This style of grading uses M for mastery, which demonstrates that a student has mastered the standard by showing accuracy 80 percent of the time. If a student is not quite showing mastery, he is progressing and is given a score of P. If a student exceeds mastery of the standard she can receive an E. If a student is failing to progress toward mastery, he receives an LP grade. The goal is a report card containing all M grades, meaning the student has mastered all the standards for his level.

More on Mastery

• Mastery grading demonstrates to students that their achievement is a work in progress. It emphasizes that it is OK to be progressing (P) toward mastery, with the assumption that eventually the student will reach a mastery (M) score. In the mastery grading system, grades are broken down by each content standard, rather than broad subject area, with a score of E, M, P or LP given for each standard.

Considerations

• Students who do not master a standard can continue to practice, and demonstrate mastery at another time, say researchers Thomas Guskey and Jane Bailey. This system clearly shows students and parents what the student knows and doesn't know, unlike traditional grading, reflects achievement for an entire subject without specific information about strengths and weaknesses.

  for Reporting system :