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Both differentiations are often made, but the world is sometimes arbitrarily divided between the Eastern and Western hemispheres as a mark between the "New World" (the Americas, perceived as a vast new land to colonize and expand into by European and a few Asian kingdoms) and the "Old World." This is also where we get the geographic regional names "Middle East" and "Far East."

The dividing line is the Prime Meridian, or zero degrees longitude, which runs through Greenich, England; most (but not all) of Europe and Africa lies to the east of this line. The "far boundary" is at 180 degrees longitude, roughly where the International Date Line is. Extreme eastern Russia does cross 180 degrees longitude and is technically in the Western Hemisphere, though the International Date Line was drawn in the Bering Straight between Asia and North America (and Russia and the United States) to keep it on the same day with the majority of Asia. Crossing the International Date Line boundary, going eastward, one must set one's calendar back by a day.

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