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Contrary to popular belief, Julius Caesar actually never became "emperor." When he died Rome was still a republic. During this period in power he was a consul (one of the two annually elected heads of the Republic) four times, in 48 BC, 46 BC, 45 BC and 44 BC. He was appointed dictator (An extraordinary office of state of the Republic) four times. In 49 BC he was appointed dictator to preside over his election as consul and resigned after eleven days. In 48 BC he was appointed for an indeterminate term while he was busy in Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean. He held it for one year. In 46 BC he was appointed for a term of ten years. In 44 BC he was appointed for life: dictator perpetuo (dictator in perpetuity)

His adoptive son, Octavian, became a the first Roman "emperor" as Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus , when his absolute rule was formalised in the First Settlement with the senate in 27 BC. Note that imperator meant winner in battle, not emperor.

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9y ago

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