1. External threats such as the Muslims and Turks who eventually overthrew it
2.Shrinking territory from the time of Justinian
3. Civil wars and splits within the empire
The Ottoman Empire, but truthfully due to a series of civil wars and partial defeats by other empires the Byzantine empire had been in decline for centuries prior to their final defeat
The Ottoman Turks.
Constantine.
Constantinople, which later because Islamabad edit: Constantinus decided to make the Greek city of Byzantium the capital of his empire. We should note that Diocletian had already spent much of his time in Nicomedia, nearby. After the final end of the Byzantine empire the Ottomans used the Greek expression Istanbul which had meant "in the city". European statesmen continued to call it Constantinople until the end of the Ottoman empire. Ataturk moved the capital of the new Turkish state to Ankara. Islamabad is the name of the new post-British capital of Pakistan.
The Byzantine Empire effectively came to an end with the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Led by Sultan Mehmed II, the Ottomans besieged the city and utilized advanced military tactics and technology, including cannons, to breach its formidable walls. The fall of Constantinople marked the final collapse of Byzantine rule and the rise of the Ottoman Empire as a dominant power in the region.
The Ottoman Empire, but truthfully due to a series of civil wars and partial defeats by other empires the Byzantine empire had been in decline for centuries prior to their final defeat
The Ottoman Turks.
Constantine.
After years of decline in the Empire, Odacer ousted the final emperor of Rome-- in 476 AD
Constantinople, which later because Islamabad edit: Constantinus decided to make the Greek city of Byzantium the capital of his empire. We should note that Diocletian had already spent much of his time in Nicomedia, nearby. After the final end of the Byzantine empire the Ottomans used the Greek expression Istanbul which had meant "in the city". European statesmen continued to call it Constantinople until the end of the Ottoman empire. Ataturk moved the capital of the new Turkish state to Ankara. Islamabad is the name of the new post-British capital of Pakistan.
The Byzantine Empire effectively came to an end with the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Led by Sultan Mehmed II, the Ottomans besieged the city and utilized advanced military tactics and technology, including cannons, to breach its formidable walls. The fall of Constantinople marked the final collapse of Byzantine rule and the rise of the Ottoman Empire as a dominant power in the region.
The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire, but when Rome fell to barbaric conquerors such as Alaric the Byzantine Empire stayed strong. Constantinople, named after Constantine, the Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity on the battlefield, was originally called Byzantium, and it was the center of the Byzantine Empire. The two most famous people of the Byzantine Empire was Emperor Justinian and his empress, Theodora. They were famous because of their efforts to reunite the Mediterranean under Roman rule. Unfortunately Theodora died of cancer in June of 548, but she and her husband reconquered the Mediterranean before her death.
The decline of the Roman Empire refers to the societal collapse encompassing both the gradual disintegration of the political, economic, military, and other social institutions of Rome and the barbarian invasions that were its final doom. This slow decline occurred over an estimated period of 320 years which many historians believe finally culminated on September 4, 476 when Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire was deposed by Odoacer, a Germanic chieftain. Many scholars maintain that rather than a definite "fall" or "collapse" of the Roman Empire, the changes can be more accurately described as a complex transformation.
The Byzantine Empire collapsed in 1453 AD. This was largely to do with the fact that the Empire's economy had been utterly ruined by the period of civil war that followed the Venetian conquest of Constantinople in the 1200s. Though the Empire did recover somewhat, they simply could not find the money to support an effective military, leading to the loss of just about all of their territory by 1453 in the face of Turkish expansion, something that they were powerless to prevent. The end came when the Turks laid siege to Constantinople o April 6th 1453 and captured it on May 29th. By now, most of the Byzantine Army, like that of its Western Roman counterpart in its final years almost 1000 years earlier, was comprised largely of mercenaries. The fall of Constantinople was not inevitable however, and it could have continued the Roman tradition for much longer. Parts of the empire survived, such as the Despotate of Morea in southern Greece and the Empire of Trebizond in north-eastern Turkey, but these were all taken by the Turks by 1461, thus ending the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Empire as a whole more than two thousand years after the foundation of the Roman Kingdom.
As the empire rose, Byzantine emperors and the pope often clashed. Byzantine emperors took interest in religion and considered themselves the final authority on religion issues while popes, however, insisted that they had ultimate say on such matters. (insisted they had a "say-so" a.k.a. "opinion" on the situation.) In 1504, this led to schism. # How did schism effect the Christian church? Resource: 7th grade history book
As the empire rose, Byzantine emperors and the pope often clashed. Byzantine emperors took interest in religion and considered themselves the final authority on religion issues while popes, however, insisted that they had ultimate say on such matters. (insisted they had a "say-so" a.k.a. "opinion" on the situation.) In 1504, this led to schism. # How did schism effect the Christian church? Resource: 7th grade history book
The Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire was technically formed in 285. Constantinople, it's capital, was founded in 330. Through some changes and incarnations, you could say it lasted until the fall of Constantinople in the crusades (1204), the final 'fall' of Constantinople (1453) or the fall of Trebizond in 1461. Usually, though, we'd say it's period was from 330 to 1453, all dates CE (AD).