The Greek archipelago.
dick
what are the three major challenges influenced the development of city-states
Most of the citys/states were seperated by rivers.
The city-states evolved from 8th Century BCE farming communities which established refuge-fortresses in their agricultural land. The hill forts developed into walled cities which governed themselves and so the city-states came into being. They had to defend themselves against the predations of nomads and other cities to remain independent, which fostered the separateness.
The Greek archipelago.
Greece is mountainous and settlement grew up in separated fertile areas which became independent city-states.
The Greek archipelago.
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A physical feature that forms part of the border of New York State is Lake Ontario. If you mean the border around New York City, a physical feature would be the Hudson River.
dick
what are the three major challenges influenced the development of city-states
Mountains, rivers and seas.
levees
irrigation
city-states
city-states