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The US Government rounded up all Japanese Americans during WWII and put the people in interment camps. On Dec. 18, 1944 in the case of (Fred) Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the detention in camps WAS constitutional during wartime. See the article: On This Day: Supreme Court Upholds Constitutionality of Japanese Internment. However, "In 1988, the U.S. government conceded that the relocation program was based on racial bias." Historians, sociologists, et. al. firmly believe the detention policy during WWII was unconstitutional.

Yet... today with threats from Al-Qaeda and ISIS, the US Government tries to detain (jail) with legal charges against the individuals. Whether this will one day be ruled unconstitutional remains to be seen.

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What legal action can be taken for an unpaid bill?

You can hire a collector to collect it. You can also ask the court for a judgment against the debtor which give s you a legal right to collect it.


When did Americans starts calling themselves Americans?

Well, americans called themselves "Americans" when they relized they were legal citezens of America and made a specific name for people who were citezens which were just "Americans"


How many Japanese people were killed in the concentration camps?

None. Before and during World War Two, Germany operated what is called 'Concentration Camps'. During the war these German concentration camps became mostly extermination or death campsdesigned to murder the inmates, primarily Jews. Some camps also sent out inmates to be used as slave labor. All the German camps were operated in total violation of international law and well outside all standard norms of behavior. Japan was an enemy of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth countries, China and several other countries. Japan was an ally of Germany during the war. The Germans did not put the Japanese in these concentration camps. In the United States, many Japanese were placed in either 'Internment Camps' or 'Relocation Centers', depending on their legal status. Both types of camps or centers were operated in accordance with international law. Those foreign nationals from enemy countries (in the US when the war started) were interned in the Internment Camps only as long as the war lasted, and were freed at the end of the war. In some instances internees were repatriated (returned) back to their home country during the war, in exchange for US citizens being held in enemy countries. No internees were killed by the US.Japanese-Americans, either US citizens or Resident Aliens, were sent to US Relocation Centers, only if they lived on the west coast of the continental United States. After arriving at the camp they were free to leave to any part of the United States, except the "west coast exclusion zone". No Japanese-Americans were killed at relocation centers. Unfortunately there are many myths and misconceptions about the relocation and internment of Japanese in the US. Japanese-American citizens and legal aliens were not relocated from Hawaii, the mid-west or the east coast of the United States. Only those living in the west coast areas were subject to this government action. This government action was upheld by the US Supreme Court upon a legal challenge. There was a great deal of mistrust of the Japanese & Japanese-Americans. Many Japanese-Americans openly voiced support for Japan against the US. Secret 'MAGIC' intercepts of Japanese diplomatic coded traffic by the United States government revealed that many Japanese-Americans were assisting the enemies of the United States. The US government was not able to determine all the details of which persons were traitors, so many remained under suspicion. Japanese-Americans were released from these centers based on various criteria, some well before the end of the war, others later near the end. Most of the Japanese-Americans that were in these centers the longest were from families that were unwilling to swear allegiance to the United States. They were allowed to leave if the joined the US military, or to go to college, or to temporarily move to the areas outside the 'exclusion zone'. The exclusion zone was removed shortly before the end of the war. Any people still in the relocation centers was free to return to their west coast homes.


How do you stop a local appointed civil servant from filing frivolous lawsuits against me which he uses to harass and starve me out of business?

Take legal advice on this one. He could be served with a court injunction. Or alternatively a lawyer could write to him and warn him that if he persists, legal action will be taken.


How can you describe the economic and social and legal status of African-Americans during the time of Jim Crow?

During the time of Jim Crow African Americans had no legal rights a they had no economic and social status

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