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He encountered Native Americans, he believed he had arrived at India so he called them indians.
No, the native people didn't resist. And for that europeans committed unintended genocide upon the native people, animals and plants in the western hemisphere.
Columbus first encountered the group of Indians called Taino or "noble ones."
A conquistador was Spanish and looked only for riches and power. A conquistador had 3 Gs: gold, God, and glory. Gold for riches, God for converting people to Catholicism - since the majority of Spaniards, including royalty were Catholics (and still are) at the time - and glory for power. An exploerer could be from any country and had motivations which were diverse and might include scientific curiosity, personal fame, or they were on a mission from their host country to explore new land and claim it. Conquistadors are gone now, but we still have explorers.
Columbus wrote in his diary that the people he met would make good slaves. Right off he considered himself superior to the Native Americans he encountered. He saw them as heathen and the Europeans after him felt the same way. It was an attitude that came with the invaders.